Administration of Justice Practices
      - Judiciary
      - Legislature
Public Prosecution
      - Role, Status and Independence of Public Prosecution
      - Automation / Computerization of their Working Systems
Human Rights
      - Accused, Offender, Prisoner
      - Children, Juveniles
      - Women
      - Minorities, Refugees, Non-Citizens
      - Humanitarian Law
      - Prevention of Discrimination
      - Political, Civil, Economic, Social, Cultural Rights
Fighting Crimes
      - Investigation of Crimes
      - Prevention of Crimes
Types of Crimes
      - Fighting Corruption
      - Transparency Standards, Instruments
      - Organized Crime
      - Fighting Money Laundering
      - Financial Transparency
      - Terrorism
      - Cyber Crimes / Computer Crimes
      - Intellectual Property Crimes
      - Crimes against Women
      - Juvenile Delinquency
      - Crimes against the Environment
      - Trafficking in Persons
      - Trafficking in Drugs
      - Trafficking in Arms, Weapons
      - Crimes against Humanity (Genocide, Torture…)
Rule of Law and Governance
      - Democratic Governance
      - Development
      - Peace, Security
      - Protection of Human Rights
      - Role of Public Prosecution and Specialized Institutions
      - Importance of Parliaments
      - Local Governance
Reform
      - Legal, Judicial Reform
      - Legislation, Constitutional Reforms
      - Political, Economic, Educational Reform
Gender
       Issues Related to Gender
      - Women and Parliament
Victims
Witnesses
Civil Society

Issues Related to Gender

Handbook for Women Candidates in Sudan [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): United Nations Development Programme. 2010
A toolkit for election campaigning and public speaking developed for the Sudanese elections in April 2010.

Population Levels, Trends and Policies in the Arab Region: Challenges and Opportunities [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): Mirkin, Barry. 2010

A Users' Guide to Measuring Gender-Sensitive Basic Service Delivery [ English ]
Author(s): . 2009
The Guide is produced as part of a UNIFEM, UNDP, and Gender at Work initiative called Gender and Democratic Governance in Development, which aims to improve the governance of basic services provision to women.

Assessing Women’s Political Party Programs: Best Practices and Recommendations [ English ]
Author(s): . 2009
National Democratic Institute (NDI) embarked on this assessment in an effort to better understand effective approaches to women’s political party programs across a number of regions and to measure the impact of such programs. The assessment is designed to identify the specific elements and approaches which were most effective in encouraging women’s participation and leadership in political parties. Although drawn from NDI programs, the information gathered in this assessment is intended to be used by both individuals and organizations as a road map to help facilitate women’s political leadership worldwide.

Gender Responsive E-governance: Exploring the Transformative Potential [ English ][ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): . 2009
This primer highlights some of the key gender-related issues regarding e-governance, presents entry points for continued programming on gender and e-governance, and makes recommendations for closing the existing gender gap in specific e-governance interventions.

In Her Own Words: Iraqi Women Talk about their Greatest Concerns and Challenges [ English ]
Author(s): . 2009
This report consists of a survey on women in Iraq who have been affected by the conflict. It provides a disturbing snapshot of many women lives and those of their children and other family members. The information presented in this paper was collected over a period of several months, starting in the summer of 2008.

Lebanon Observatory and International Trade [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2009
Gender and Trade e-Newsletter published by the Collective for Research and Training on Development-Action.

Political Empowerment of Egyptian Women, is Quota the Solution ?!! [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2009
This study is an overview of the political participation of women in Egypt. The study enumerates the rights gained by women after the July revolution, notably the right of nomination and election. It also monitors the constraints which stand in the face of the political empowerment of women in International Law and the Egyptian Constitution. The study discusses the quota in the international conventions, as well as the presence of women in the legislative, executive and judicial branch.

Report on the Status of Women in the Arab Region, April 2009 [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2009
A monthly report issued by the Elections Network in the Arab Region. This issue covers the status of women in Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Morocco, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen.

Report on the Status of Women in the Arab Region, August 2009 [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2009
A monthly report issued by the Elections Network in the Arab Region. This issue covers the status of women in Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Mauritania, Palestine, Sudan and Yemen.

Report on the Status of Women in the Arab Region, December 2009 [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2009
A monthly report issued by the Elections Network in the Arab Region. This issue covers the status of women in Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen.

Report on the Status of Women in the Arab Region, July 2009 [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2009
A monthly report issued by the Elections Network in the Arab Region. This issue covers the status of women in Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Mauritania, Morocco, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia and Yemen.

Report on the Status of Women in the Arab Region, June 2009 [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2009
A monthly report issued by the Elections Network in the Arab Region. This issue covers the status of women in Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Sudan and Yemen.

Report on the Status of Women in the Arab Region, March 2009 [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2009
A monthly report issued by the Elections Network in the Arab Region. This issue covers the status of women in Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Morocco, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen.

Report on the Status of Women in the Arab Region, May 2009 [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2009
A monthly report issued by the Elections Network in the Arab Region. This issue covers the status of women in Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Morocco, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates.

Report on the Status of Women in the Arab Region, November 2009 [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2009
A monthly report issued by the Elections Network in the Arab Region. This issue covers the status of women in Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Morocco, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia and United Arab Emirates.

Report on the Status of Women in the Arab Region, October 2009 [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2009
A monthly report issued by the Elections Network in the Arab Region. This issue covers the status of women in Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Morocco, Saudi Arabia and Tunisia.

Report on the Status of Women in the Arab Region, September 2009 [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2009
A monthly report issued by the Elections Network in the Arab Region. This issue covers the status of women in Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan and Tunisia.

Study on the Representation of Women in Group Elections [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2009

Women's Rights in the Middle East and North Africa [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2009
This study presents detailed reports and quantitative ratings on the state of women’s rights in the member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC): Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It is the first installment of a larger project encompassing the entire MENA region, which will be completed in November 2009. Although the study indicates that a substantial deficit in women’s rights persists in every country of the Gulf region and is reflected in practically every facet of their societies, its findings also include the notable progress achieved over the last five years, particularly in terms of economic and political rights.

Women's Rights in the Middle East and North Africa - Bahrain [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): Dunya Ahmed Abdulla Ahmed. 2009

Women's Rights in the Middle East and North Africa - Kuwait [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): Haya al-Mughni. 2009

Women's Rights in the Middle East and North Africa - Oman [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): Rafiah al-Talei. 2009

Women's Rights in the Middle East and North Africa - Qatar [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): Julia Breslin and Toby Jones. 2009

Women's Rights in the Middle East and North Africa - Saudi Arabia [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): Eleanor Abdella Doumato. 2009

Women's Rights in the Middle East and North Africa - United Arab Emirates [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): Serra Kirdar. 2009

Empowered and Equal: Gender Equality Strategy 2008-2011 [ English ]
Author(s): . 2008
The UNDP Gender Equality Strategy is grounded in the premise that the development objective of equality between men and women, or gender equality, is absolutely indivisible from the UNDP human development goal of real improvements in people’s lives and in the choices and opportunities open to them.

Gender Equality for Development Effectiveness [ English ]
Author(s): . 2008
This paper describes experiences of the CIS countries with integrating gender equality in national policies and budgets. It includes recommendations on improving gender analysis throughout national plans, strengthening links between policy and budgets, improving statistical development, and increasing national civil service capacities.

Innovative Approaches to Promoting Women's Economic Empowerment [ English ]
Author(s): . 2008
This is a paper for the partnership event on September 25, 2008: MDG3 - Gender Equality and Empowerment of Women - A prerequisite for Achieving all MDGs by 2015.

On the Way to Improved Legal Reality: Strategies and Instruments Used to Tackle Discrimination against Women in the Arab World [ English ]
Author(s): Martina Sabra. 2008
This publication uses project examples to present innovative approaches that development cooperation can take in order to help women assert their rights and overcome gender-based discrimination. To this end, project and evaluation reports were examined to identify good practices and individuals involved were interviewed in partner countries. The primary aim was to identify successful strategies and instruments and make these available in a concise form.

Report on the Situation of Women in Yemen, 2008 [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2008
This report aims to raise awareness of women's issues and to obtain support and backing of government agencies and civil society organizations, as well as to emphasize the importance of the continued commitment of the Government and the actual parties and organizations in support of gender issues and the adoption of integrated policies to bridge the existing gap in this regard.

A Life Free of Violence Is Our Right! [ English ]
Author(s): . 2007
This booklet seeks to demonstrate how garantees have succeeded in breaking intergenerational cycles of violence, in empowering survivors to make changes in their lives, in transforming communities and institutions into advocates for change, and in advocating for enabling policies and legislation.

Arab Women and the Media [ English ]
Author(s): . 2007
The report aims to examine Arab research studies and their outputs with an emphasis on learning about methodologies applied in subject studies. Their objective is to contribute to improving studies that are likely to serve the practical and training activities.

Arab Women Knowledge Achievements [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Hala Fouad. 2007

Electoral Financing to Advance Women's Political Participation: A Guide for UNDP Support [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2007
This primer outlines the role of political systems in shaping electoral financing options, and gives a summary of constraints women face.

Gender and Indicators - Overview Report [ English ]
Author(s): Annalise Moser. 2007
The Report examines conceptual and methodological approaches gender-sensitive measurements that are critical for building the case for taking gender (in)equality seriously, for enabling better planning and actions by gender and non-gender specialists, and for holding institutions accountable to their commitments on gender.

Gender Equality and Justice Programming: Equitable Access to Justice for Women [ English ][ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): . 2007
This primer outlines the major obstacles and barriers women face in accessing justice and suggests strategies and interventions to overcome these challenges.

Jordanian Woman's Participation in Politics: Analytical Study of the Parliamentary conduct in the Fourteenth Parliament Council [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2007
This report, published by the United Nations Development Fund For Women (UNIFEM) in collaboration with the National Committee for Women, aims at shedding light on and studying the situation of Jordanian women in terms of political participation and the role of political will in guaranteeing the presence and integration of women in decision-making processes in Jordan. It also deals with the obstacles and challenges facing women in politics, and places emphasis on women political participation in Jordan since the beginning of 2003 when Provisional Law No. 34, dated 2001on Parliamentary Elections, known as the Women Quota Law, was amended. The report contains an anaysis and comparison between the strengths and weaknesses in the law within the national context.

Kuwait: Citizens Attitude towards Women Political Participation [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2007
This research sheds light on the attitudes of Kuwaiti citizens towards the political participation of women. It mainly aims at exploring the public's vision of women as political actors in the country and of women's participation during past elections, as well as the factors affecting voters' choice during the elections of the Majlis Al-Oumma. The study consisted of seven focus groups of voters aged between 24 and 40, from both sexes and belonging to both the sedentary and nomadic population in Kuwait. In-depth meetings were also held with eight Kuwaiti opinion leaders who are active in the field of the media, education, law, economy and politics.

Nationality Code, 2007 [ French ]
Author(s): . 2007

Palestinian Women Between Reality and Aspiration [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2007
This study discusses the condition of Palestinian women in 3 main domains: the first domain follows up the development of Palestinian women in modern history; the second domain discusses Palestinian women and development issues; the third domain deals with political participation of Palestinian women. The study draws several conclusions about these issues.

Primers in Gender and Democratic Governance #1 [ English ][ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): . 2007
This paper explores some of most common questions on gender, recalls basic obligations for UNDP staff, and develops a human rights-based approach to practical tools for democratic governance practitioners in terms of gender programming per cluster.

The Problematic Aspect of Arab Women’s Work and its Social and Economic Dimensions [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2007
This study deals with the problematic aspect of Arab Women’s Work and its economic and social consequences.

Women and Political Participation in the United Arab Emirates [ English ]
Author(s): . 2007
This study is an attempt to examine the political system in the United Arab Emirates and identify obstacles and challenges facing women’s political empowerment including the degree of prejudice of Emirati society towards women political empowerment.

Al Kashef [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2006
This booklet includes 8 chapters: - Sex and Gender - Social Role and Gender - Social and Psychological environment and gender roles - Concept of Development - Gender as part of Development - Gender Analysis - Strategies of Gender Mainstreaming in Development - Implementation, monitoring and evaluation

Algeria - Gender Mainstreaming Guide 2006 [ French ]
Author(s): . 2006

CEDAW Kit [ English ]
Author(s): . 2006
This manual was produced to form a reference framework aiming to provide the parties interested in women’s status with information enabling them to follow up the implementation of the Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), with particular regard, the NGOs which undertake the task of assisting their countries prepare the periodic reports presented to the CEDAW Committee in pursuance with Article 18 of the Convention.

Civil Society and Gender Assessment and Program Design (Jordan) [ English ]
Author(s): . 2006
This assessment provides a detailed gender program within the mission that adopts a Gender and Development approach, integrates gender mainstreaming and gender budget performance in mission programs, develops the mission’s gender equity analytic and policy frameworks, and works closely with government agencies, notably the Ministry of Planning’s gender division and other donor agencies to promote gender mainstreaming.

Comoros – Human Development Report 2006 [ French ]
Author(s): . 2006
This Report “Gender and Human Development” shows that the Comorian society demonstrates a rather undeniable momentum for a new social organization where women are on equal terms with men. But in the process, the risks of disruption and even regression remain quite possible. These potential impediments must be taken into the utmost account. The report also shows that it is women education and training that constitute the most important factors towards the elimination, or at least the substantial reduction, of the gender gap.

Economic Empowerment of Women in Iraq: The Way Forward [ English ]
Author(s): Ylli Bajraktari. 2006
This briefing summarizes the views expressed by participants in two meetings held by the United States Institute of Peace in coordination with the Department of State, the Department of Defense, and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), on February 1, February 22, and April 19, 2006, to discuss the current economic progress of women in Iraq and to identify challenges and options for the future.

First Class: Profiles of Women MPs and Senators in Jordan 2003-2007 [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2006
NDI produced this report, profiling Jordanian women serving in the lower and upper houses of Parliament between 2003 and 2007.

Gender Mainstreaming -Tools Marketplace - Annotated Resource Guide [ English ]
Author(s): . 2006
An annotated bibliography of resources from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and a wide range of partners related to the empowerment of women and human rights.

Incorporating Gender into your NGO [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Nicolien Wassenaar. 2006

Legislations and Laws Concerning the Work of Yemeni Women [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2006
This specialized analytical study provides a detailed explanation of legislation and laws concerning the work of Yemeni women.

Measuring Democratic Governance: A Framework for Selecting Pro-Poor and Gender Sensitive Indicators [ English ]
Author(s): . 2006
The Guide provides a framework for pro-poor gender sensitive indicators to assist policy-makers monitor and evaluate democratic governance at the country level.

Parliamentary Oversight of Gender Equality Handbook [ English ]
Author(s): . 2006
This handbook, published by the World Bank Institute in collaboration with the Parliamentary Centre, is designed to assist parliamentarians in carrying out their oversight role on gender. It discusses the definition of gender, identifies some of the topical gender issues for clarification, provides an overview of microfinance, and focuses on some security issues that directly affect women. It also addresses the question of poverty, focuses on the budget as a mechanism for allocating resources in society, and establishes the link between gender issues and the role of parliamentarians. Finally, it examines the origins of attitudes towards gender, and discusses reasons for change and how such change can be achieved.

Political Participation of Palestinian Women [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2006
This study discusses the meaning of political participation, especially in the case of Palestinian women.

Taking Gender Equality Seriously: Making Progress, Meeting New Challenges [ English ]
Author(s): . 2006
The United Nations Development Programme, along with many other UN organizations, bilateral development agencies, and non-governmental organizations, has adopted a gender mainstreaming strategy as a way of ensuring that women as well as men benefit from programme and policy support. This booklet provides examples that show that mainstreaming achieves results when resources, capacity, commitment and management support all converge in a strategic area.

The Importance of Gender Mainstreaming in Syria - Toolkit [ English ]
Author(s): . 2006
UNDP and other UN organizations adopt clear strategies for gender mainstreaming which emphasize systematic integration of gender equality objectives into organizational policies, programmes at all levels, resources allocations and practices. This kit is designed to assist the user in mainstreaming gender in policies and programs that are supported by UN and other development agencies in Syria.

Towards Political Empowerment of Syrian Women [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2006
Women’s representation rate in parliament is one of the most important gender indicators signifying level of women’s political participation, which is still low at the international level 13.4% and also in the Arab World 4.6%. During the past three decades, women’s status in Syria has faced radical changes in the area of strengthening women’s capacity in education, work and her general participation. This study is an attempt to examine the political system in Syria and identify obstacles and challenges facing women’s political empowerment.

United Arab Emirates - National Gender Mainstreaming Initiative [ English ]
Author(s): . 2006
A How to Guide to Gender Mainstreaming your Organization

Women in Politics: 60 Years in Retrospect (Information Kit) [ English ][ French ]
Author(s): . 2006
This information kit, Published by IPU, is composed of six data sheets on women's participation in politics over the past 60 years: Historical table on the institutional and legal evolution of States and the presence of women in national parliaments; Progress and Setbacks of Women in National Parliaments between 01.07.1995 and 01.02.2006; Women in the two parliamentary regional assemblies elected by direct suffrage: The Central American Parliament and the European Parliament; A Chronology of Women Heads of State or Government: 1945 - 02.2006; An Overview of Women in Parliament: 1945-2006; The Participation of Women and Men in Decision-Making: The parliamentary dimension.

World's Women 2006: Progress in Statistics [ English ]
Author(s): . 2006
This report is intended as a guide to help Governments and other stakeholders strengthen statistical systems, mainstream gender statistics, and further develop concepts and methods for collecting statistics on gender concerns.

10 Years after Beijing: The Role and Contribution of the Arab NGOs [ English ]
Author(s): . 2005
This report provides an insight into the progress achieved throughout the year’s following the signing of the Beijing Platform for Action.

A Media Guidebook for Women: Finding Your Public Voice [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2005
This guidebook jointly produced by NDI-USAID, is designed to help women in dealing and benefiting from media to get media recognition for their cause. the handbook provides useful information on how to plan a media strategy, and how to use the different media options such as printed media, electronic media, audio-visual media as well as how to prepare for interviews, press releases speeches and presentations, and public speaking.

Actual Image of Arab Women [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Fowziyah Abu-Khalid. 2005

Arab Human Development Report 2005 [ English ][ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): . 2005
"Towards the Rise of Women in the Arab World," The report presents a compelling argument as to why realising the full potential of Arab women is an indispensable pre-requisite for development in all Arab states

Arab Women and Excelling [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Fowziyah Abu-Khalid. 2005

Arab Women Entrepreneurs: A Growing Economic Force [ English ]
Author(s): Nadia Hijab. 2005

Arab Women's Economic Participation [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Lamis Abu Nahleh. 2005

Arab Women's Health Situation [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Moncef Marzouki. 2005

Building Democracy in Egypt: Women's Political Participation, Political Party Life and Democratic Election [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2005
The report is the end-result of a project carried out by the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA) in cooperation with the Arab NGO Network for Development (ANND). The project discussed democratic reform in Egypt, Jordan and Yemen and focused on three interconnected themes seen as entry points to help establish a reform-oriented agenda: electoral system reform, the political participation of women and the development of political parties.

Building Democracy in Jordan: Women's Political Participation, Political Party Life and Democratic Election [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2005
This report discussed women's participation in public life and its impact on women in Jordan, the political parties and the electoral systems in Jordan.

Comprehensive View and Lessons Learned of the Rise of Arab Women [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Azza Karam. 2005

Decades of Suffering, Now Women Deserve Better [ English ]
Author(s): . 2005
This report is part of Amnesty International's Stop Violence Against Women Campaign. It focuses on the many ways in which women and girls in Iraq have suffered from government repression and armed conflict in disproportionate or different ways from men, and how they have been targeted as women.

Empowerment of Arab Women and External Political Pressure [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Azmi Beshara. 2005

En Route to Equality: A Gender Review of National Millennium Development Goals Reports [ English ]
Author(s): . 2005
This global review of national Millennium Development Goals (MDG) reports is a follow-up to a pilot exercise commissioned by the Bureau of Development Policy, UNDP in 2003. The findings provide an additional gender dimension to the review of national reports, and demonstrate the added value of including a gender equality perspective in future reporting and tracking of progress in the implementation of the MDGs.

Engaged Governance: A Strategy for Mainstreaming Citizens into the Public Policy Processes [ English ]
Author(s): M. Adil Khan. 2005
This paper builds on an earlier work of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN-DESA) on ‘engaged governance’ (citizen/government engagement in governance) and argues that several recent developments, both at the national as well as at global level, impact directly on systems of governance and, in turn influence development management processes.

Equality versus Difference Analytical Frame [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Islah Jad. 2005

Gender Achievements and Prospects in Education Project (GAP) Report [ English ]
Author(s): . 2005
Building on what people who work in development and education know and understand, this report is designed to assess progress towards universal primary education, highlight innovations, identify obstacles, generate discussion and provide guidance.

Gender Equality and Human Development: The Instrumental Rationale [ English ]
Author(s): Naila Kabeer. 2005
This paper focuses on the social pathways through which women’s access to resources might operate to improve their own and their children’s welfare. The author considers some of the evidence linking women’s access to various kinds of resources to fertility rates, children’s health and mortality rates, children’s education and women’s own health and well-being.

Gender Mainstreaming - Tools Marketplace - Annotated Resources [ English ]
Author(s): . 2005
Annotated resources from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and a wide range of partners related to the empowerment of women and human rights.

Historic Comparative Inequality [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Haytham Manna. 2005

How the US Erase Women’s Rights in Iraq [ English ]
Author(s): Ghali Hassan. 2005
Under the new U.S.-crafted constitution, which was put to referendum on the 15 October while the bloodbath mounts each day, women’s rights will be oppressed and the role of women in Iraqi society will be curtailed and relegated to the caring for “children and the elderly”.

Ijtihad and its Role in Reducing the CEDAW Reservations of the Arab Countries [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Naila Silini. 2005

Image of Women in Art and Literature [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Elham Kallab. 2005

Image of Women in Theatre and Movies [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Nadim Jarjoura. 2005

Image of Women in Theatre and Movies [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Samir Farid. 2005

Inequality Between the Historic View Point and the Actual Arab Situation [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Latifa Lakhdar. 2005

Iraqi Women Under US Occupation [ English ]
Author(s): Ghali Hassan. 2005
In addition to torture, sexual violence and rape by U.S. Occupation forces, a great number of Iraqi women and girls are kept locked up in their homes by a very real fear of abduction and criminal abuse. Since the invasion of Iraq, Iraqi women have been denied their human rights, including the right to health, education and employment.

Islam and Women's Rights [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Fahmy Howeidy. 2005

Jurists Equality in the Maghreb [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Hafida Chekir. 2005

Law and Women's Rights in Morocco [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Mohamed Charfi. 2005

Liberation of the Tunisian Woman [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Naziha Rjibi. 2005

Limitation of Personal Freedom [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Zeinab Miadi. 2005

Nationality Law, 2005 [ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): . 2005

Nationality Law, no. 38 (2005) [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2005

Oppression of Women Through Social Structure [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Madawi Al-Rasheed. 2005

Palestine and Human Development [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Nader Said. 2005

Participation of Women in the Economy [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Mona Cherkaoui. 2005

Political Capacity Building Manual [ English ]
Author(s): . 2005
This Manual contain ten booklets : -Communication Skills with the public -Principles of Protocol and Etiquette -Successful Meeting -Building Electoral Coalitions -Principles of Delegating Authority -Capacity Building for Women -Skills to Attract Voters and Influence Them -Principles of Modern Management Transformation to Successful Leadership -Women and Citizenship -Dealing with Conflicts and Problem Solving.

Political Empowerment of Arab Women [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Mustafa Kamel Al Sayyid. 2005

Position of Political Powers regarding the Role of Islamic and Religious Movements in Women Empowerment the Arab World [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Heba Raouf Ezzat. 2005

Poverty Spread and its Effects on Women in the Arab World [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Ali Abdel Gadir Ali. 2005

Problematic Relation with Men in Arab Societies [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Noha Bayyoumi. 2005

Progression of the Conception of Women and Development: a Critique from an Arab Point of View [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Islah Jad. 2005

Resource Guide for Gender Theme Groups [ English ]
Author(s): . 2005
This guide contains information based on feedback from theme groups in more than 30 countries. It synthesizes the opportunities and challenges that exist to promote gender equality and women’s human rights in the context of UN reform and greater coordination among wide-ranging development actors.

Rise of the Arab Women Towards Expansion of Freedom Values [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Kamal Abdullatif. 2005

Social Structure and Rise of Women [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Haytham Manna. 2005

Social Trends Affecting Women's Position in the Arab World [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Kamal Abdullatif. 2005

State of the World's Mothers 2005: The Power and Promise of Girls’ Education [ English ]
Author(s): . 2005
The report of the Save the Children Organization documents the inextricable link between the well-being of mothers and the well-being of their children and highlights the efforts of few countries and communities that are making the best investment possible for the future of their children that of ensuring that girls go to school.

Stewards of Peace. The Role of Women and Youth in Post-Conflict Sudan: Report on a Series of Workshops with Sudanese Women and Youth [ English ]
Author(s): . 2005
This report covers the findings of the series of workshops facilitated by NDI that was designed to strengthen the capacity of Sudanese women and youth to play a full and active role in the future of their country. It focused on three areas: identifying and developing skills necessary to increase participation; providing a platform for cross-cultural dialogue; and creating an agenda for advocacy.

Struggle of Women Movements in Morocco [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Mohammed Malki. 2005

Sudan - National Millennium Development Goals Report [ English ]
Author(s): . 2005
"Towards Achieving the Millennium Development Goals in Sudan: Centrality of Women's Leadership and Gender Equality", this publication is based on the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) experience in the Joint Assessment Mission for Sudan, and the Oslo Gender Symposium and Donors’ Conference of 2005. It is an effort to show how the Sudanese women, in their diversity and in spirit of unity, are defining the critical development agenda for the country in the coming decade.

Sudanese Women’s Priorities and Recommendations to the Oslo Donors’ Conference on Sudan [ English ]
Author(s): . 2005
This is the report of the conference on Sudan entitled “Sudanese Women’s Priorities and Recommendations to the Oslo Donors” that took place in Oslo on the 10th of April 2005. The objectives of the conference were to define the priorities of donors support for gender equality and women’s rights in post-conflict Sudan.

The Abuse of Islamic Interpretations to Weaken Women [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Naila Silini. 2005

The Economic Advancement of Women in Jordan: A Country Gender Assessment [ English ]
Author(s): . 2005
This study prepared by the World Bank, discusses the women economic advancement in Jordan. It sheds light on the gender issues in human development, and highlights the legal, policy, and institutional frameworks for women's economic advancement and political participation.

The Rise of Women Scientists in Arab Countries [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Mohammed Aref. 2005

The Second and Third Democratic Gatherings: Women and Politics- Religious Insight- Problems and Solutions [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2005
Within the scope of the women political empowerment project implemented by the Montada Al Shaqeq Al Arabi for Human Rights, three national democratic gatherings and an Arab regional forum were organized which discussed the issue of women political participation and empowerment from different perspectives. This publication includes the studies and researches that were discussed during the second and third gatherings. The second gathering aimed at clarifying the vision of Islam regarding the issue of women political participation in an attempt to fight the ideas claiming that Islam opposes women participation in public life and in public decision-making. The third gathering reviewed all of the studies that were discussed during the first and second gatherings, as well as a series of studies that tackled the issue of women political participation in the international law, in all the stages of the national fight against colonialism, and in the social fabric. It also provided visions and mechanism aimed at strengthening women’s role and overcoming the obstacles they come across.

Towards Achieving the MDGs in Sudan: Centrality of Women's Leadership and Gender Equality [ English ]
Author(s): . 2005
This publication is an effort to show that the Sudanese women, in their diversity and in spirit of unity, are defining the critical development agenda for the country in the coming decade. It affirms, “Gender equality and the promotion and protection of the full enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, in particular for women and children, are essential to advance development, peace and security.”

Tracking the Progress of Jordanian Women in the ICT space [ English ]
Author(s): . 2005
This is a request for proposal research on the progress of Jordanian women in the information and communication technology space since 2001. The objective of the project is to empower women in the information technology section by building their capacities and professional skills and bridging the gender digital divide.

Various Religious Views on Women in Arab Countries [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Maroun Lahham. 2005

Violations of Human Rights in Arab World [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Mohsen Awad. 2005

Windows of Opportunity: Pursuing Gender Equity in Post-War Iraq [ English ]
Author(s): . 2005
This paper examines the forces working to shape the future of Iraq and the brief window of opportunity that women must seize. It also presents women’s own perceptions of the current situation and vision for the future. It reports on what women are saying about their basic needs, educational and economic opportunities, community and political participation, expectations about the U.S. occupation and other areas of their lives.

Woman Management Skills [ English ]
Author(s): . 2005
The Women Management Skills Manual is divided into six chapters: - Strategic Planning and Projects' Formulation - Problem Solving and Decision Making Skills - Lobbying - Leadership Skills - Negotiation Skills - Communication Skills

Women 2000 and Beyond: Gender Equality and Empowerment of Women through ICT [ English ]
Author(s): . 2005
This report, published by the United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women (UN-DAW), providing a summary of critical gender equality issues related to ICT and development and outlines potential opportunities for women’s economic, social and political empowerment. Key strategies and tools to address the gender digital divide in national and international contexts are also presented.

Women and Media: Role and Relationship [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Nahawand El Kadiri. 2005

Women and Men Equality by Arab Law Makers [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Badria Al-Awadhi. 2005

Women and Oppression: Psychological Reading [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Violette Daguerre. 2005

Women and Political Parties [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Hafida Chekir. 2005

Women and Politics [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Mona Fayad. 2005

Women in Arabic Language [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Rashida Bin Masoud. 2005

Women in Areas of Struggle and Resistance Movements - Palestine [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Eileen Kuttab. 2005

Women in Contemporary Arab Thought [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Kamal Abdullatif. 2005

Women in Deserts and Marginalized Rural Areas [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Mohsin Tlili. 2005

Women in Gulf Politics: A Progress Report [ English ]
Author(s): Simon Henderson. 2005
Women’s political rights, previously nonexistent in the conservative Arab Gulf states, have undergone extraordinary growth in recent years. The author ponders the question of how much progress has actually been achieved, considering that women's representations in the Gulf States are even poorer than those in other Arab countries, and how much influence can the US have on this process?

Women in Parliament: Beyond Numbers. A Revised Edition. [ English ]
Author(s): . 2005
This new and updated edition of Women in Parliament: Beyond Numbers Handbook, published by IDEA, covers the ground of women’s access to the legislature in three steps: It looks into the obstacles women confront when entering Parliament – be they political, socio-economic or ideological and psychological. It presents solutions to overcome these obstacles, such as changing electoral systems and introducing quotas, and it details strategies for women to influence politics once they are elected to parliament, an institution which is traditionally male dominated.

Women Living in the Slums of Reality and the Strains of the Future [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Iqbal Samaluti. 2005

Women of the New Iraq [ English ]
Author(s): Haifaa Zangana. 2005
This article argues that women's rights in Iraq have not been destroyed by Islam, but by the destruction of state and society brought on by foreign military aggression. Most Iraqi women recognise and try to sensitively cope with the predicament of dealing with occupation and the rise of reactionary practices affecting their rights and way of life.

Women Representation in Popular Education [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Hassina Hamzaoui. 2005

Women Under Occupation - Palestine [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Rula Abu-Duhou. 2005

Women, Nurture and Education [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Munir Bashshur. 2005

Women’s Rights and the Meaning of Citizenship in Kuwait [ English ]
Author(s): Mary Ann Tétreault. 2005
The article discusses the situation of Kuwaiti women's rights and the challenges they face with regards to advancing their political rights, involvement and participation. It tackles these issues from various perspectives- the government, the opposition, the feminists and the general Kuwaiti public.

Women's Contemporary Image through recent Fatwas [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Mustapha Touaiti. 2005

Women's Freedom in Arab World: Challenges and Prospects [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Hoda El Sadda. 2005

Women's Legislative Issues in Arab Countries [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Mohamed Nour Farahat. 2005

Women's Livelihood and Entitlements in the Middle East: What Difference has the Neoliberal Policy Turn Made? [ English ]
Author(s): Valentine M. Moghadam. 2005
This paper examines changes in patterns of women’s employment and social policies pertaining to women in the Middle East and North Africa, and compares between two periods: the oil-boom era of the 1960s-1980s, and the period of liberalization since the latter part of the 1980s and into the present decade.

Women's Rights and Citizenship [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Islah Jad. 2005

Women's Rights in Focus: Kuwait [ English ]
Author(s): Brian Katulis. 2005
The findings of a focus groups published by Freedom House and conducted with Kuwaiti citizens on women’ freedom in July 2004. The findings revealed a modest support for granting women the right to vote, but less enthusiasm for women running as candidates in elections.

Women's Rights in Islam [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Haytham Manna. 2005

Women's Rights in the Middle East and North Africa: Citizenship and Justice [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2005
The study's goal was to provide women's rights advocates in the region with an in-depth researched reports to support their efforts at stimulating reform. The study identified laws, policies, and practices that stand in the way of women's equal status in the Arab world.

World Bank: The Economic Advancement of Women in Jordan: A Country Gender Assessment [ English ]
Author(s): . 2005
The assessment explores the extent to which gender issues contribute to or impede the success of Jordan’s vision of transforming itself into a knowledge-based, diversified, and private sector–driven economy.

Zaha Hadid, the Diva of the World Architecture [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Mohammed Aref. 2005

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women: Weakening the Protection of Women from Violence in the Middle East and North Africa Region [ English ][ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): . 2004
This Amnesty International report maintains that despite the fact that a number of countries in the Middle East and North Africa ratified the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), yet the reservations they made diminish the domestic applicability of the convention and weaken the protection of women in the region.

Djibouti - Human Development Report 2004 [ French ]
Author(s): . 2004
Gender as a key to achieving the MDG's - stands out as a provocative report that treats subjects e.g. genital mutilation, drug abuse (Khat), HIV/AIDS which are subjects taboo. It capitalizes on the Millennium Development Goal dissemination strategy which strives to facilitate and encourage the participation of those who plead for gender equality and women's rights.

Gender and Development in Middle East and North Africa: Women in the Public Sphere [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2004
This book seeks to advance the gender equality discussion in the region by framing the issues in terms of economic necessity. It analyzes the potential for women’s greater economic contribution to the region’s new development model and identifies key economic and sociopolitical impediments to women’s increased labor force participation and empowerment, and it suggests a way forward in developing an agenda for change.

Gender Issues and Concerns in Financing for Development [ English ]
Author(s): . 2004
The objective of this background paper is to use a gendered approach in examining the development financing strategies endorsed in the 2002 Monterrey Consensus. The paper seeks to identify what needs to be done to ensure that gender perspectives are incorporated in the global effort for economic and gender justice, peace and the realization of human rights.

Gender Justice and Accountability in Peace Support Operations: Closing the Gaps [ English ]
Author(s): Pam Spees. 2004
The goal of this policy briefing is to provide a focused look at the challenges and obstacles to ensuring gender justice and accountability in the context of international peace support operations (PSOs) and to provide recommendations for UN and regional peacekeeping bodies responsible for peacekeeping.

Gender, Education and Child Labor in Egypt [ English ]
Author(s): Kawther Abu Gazaleh, Lamia Bulbul, Soheir Hewala, and Suadad Najim. 2004
This paper searches for the linkages between child labor, gender and education, identifies the gaps in the literature on these linkages and highlights areas for further research and program/policy interventions.

Gender, Education and Child Labor in Lebanon [ English ]
Author(s): Aziza Khalidi, Nayla Nahhas and Iman Nuwayhid. 2004
This report on the child labor in Lebanon tackles a number of issues related to the educational system and provides a gender analysis of the interrelation existing between child labor and basic education.

Kuwait's Parliament Considers Women's Political Rights, Again [ English ]
Author(s): Mary Ann Tétreault. 2004
The article discusses the wavering of Kuwait’s parliament in drafting a law to allow women's full political rights- voting and running for national office- and chronicles Kuwaiti women's struggle and achievements for political rights over the past two decades.

Nationality Code, 2004 [ French ]
Author(s): . 2004

Pathway to Gender Equality: The Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, Beijing and the Millennium Development Goals [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2004
This booklet details in particular that gender inequalities are closely intertwined with every development challenge the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are attempting to address. It also underlines, the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women, and the Beijing Fourth World Conference on Women must be the touchstones for realizing the potential held out by the MDGs.

Progress of Arab Women 2004 [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2004
The report follows the framework of UNIFEM’s biennial report, Progress of the World’s Women, in evaluating women’s progress along a number of critical indicators. It examines the forces of economic globalization that are propelling the move towards change in different countries in the region as well as the geopolitical dynamics that continue to create political obstacles to change.

Report on the Status of Jordanian Women: Demography, Economic Participation, Political Participation and Violence Against Women [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2004
This report on the condition of Jordanian women falls in line with the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) and its goals of economically empowering women and promoting their role in ensuring a secure life. The report also sheds light on women's progress in economic, social and political fields, as a means of achieving true equality between men and women, as well as improving women's status through their participation in and benefiting from sustainable development.

Status of Jordanian Women: Demography, Economic Participation, Political Participation and Violence [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2004
The report was prepared in collaboration with the national Department of Statistics and the Jordanian National Commission for Women, and includes in-depth analysis of gender gaps and disparities. The report is intended to be a tool for policy-makers and practitioners to report on CEDAW and progress towards the Millennium Development Goals, as well as facilitate better planning and equitable resource allocation in national budgeting.

The Impact of Conflict on Women: the Case of Somalia [ English ]
Author(s): Judith Gardner and Judy el Bushra. 2004
The decade of conflict in Somalia has affected relations between women and men. Conflict has lowered what was already one of the world’s lowest literacy rates – for both men and women. Many women have fought for equal rights and peace in this situation of state collapse but war has made families more dependent on the domestic labor of girls, further diminishing their prospects of entering, let alone completing, primary education.

The Payoff from Women's Rights [ English ]
Author(s): Isobel Coleman. 2004
The author argues that growth and living standards get a dramatic boost when women are given just more education, political clout, and economic opportunity and calls on the United States to be more assertive in promoting women's rights abroad.

Towards Gender Equality in the Arab/Middle East Region: Islam, Culture, and Feminist Activism [ English ]
Author(s): Moghadam, Valentine. 2004
This is the background paper of the UNDP Human Development Report 2004. The paper examines the relations among gender, culture, and Islam, and draws attention to the tensions that exist between concepts of cultural heritage and concepts of cultural freedoms in the Arab region and elsewhere in the Middle East. The author argues that notwithstanding elements of a shared culture and shared religion, there is considerable variability in gender norms and laws in the Arab world/Middle East and there have been significant changes over time in the position of women, and describes debates and discussions within the region pertaining to women’s rights.

Women’s Rights in Focus: Egypt [ English ]
Author(s): Brian Katulis. 2004
This is the report of the findings from May – June 2004 of a series of focus groups conducted with Egyptian citizens on women’ freedom. The findings revealed that progress for women is hindered by gaps in public knowledge about basic rights as well as by institutional weaknesses in Egypt’s government.

Women’s Rights in Focus: Morocco [ English ]
Author(s): Brian Katulis. 2004
A report of the findings of a nationwide focus groups with Moroccan citizens that conveys important insights about popular attitudes on women’s economic, social, political, and legal rights.

Women's Rights and Democracy in the Arab World [ English ]
Author(s): Marina S. Ottaway. 2004
The US government's new focus on promoting Women's Rights in the Middle East is widely supported, but its popularity has generated confusion about the actual conditions of women in the Middle East and the problems they face; about the relationship between women's rights and democracy; and about what an outside intervener like the United States can accomplish.

A Manual for Integrating Gender into Reproductive Health and HIV Programs: From Commitment to Action [ English ]
Author(s): . 2003
This Manual aims to orient program managers and technical staff on how to integrate gender concerns into program design, implementation, and evaluation. It promotes greater understanding of how gender relations and identities affect individuals’ and groups’ capacity to negotiate and obtain better RH/HIV/AIDS decisions and outcomes.

A Training for Trainers Manual. Nominating for Change: Strengthening Women's Position in Political Parties [ English ]
Author(s): . 2003
This manual is based on a Training of Trainers workshop “Nominating for Change: Strengthening Women’s Position in Political Parties” delivered by NDI. It aims at supporting other programs, which promote women’s political participation – through the nomination process or otherwise. It was prepared as a Training of Trainers tool to prepare participants to deliver workshops that help increase women’s skills to get themselves nominated by their political parties.

Building a New Iraq: Women’s Role in Reconstruction Women’s Role in Strengthening Civil Society [ English ]
Author(s): . 2003
The findings and conclusions of the Woodrow Wilson International Center and Women Waging Peace joint project entitled "Conflict Prevention Project: Middle East". The document discusses the changes that must be implemented in the fields of civil society, constitution, legislation, governance and democracy and security to ensure the rehabilitation, progression and improvement of women's conditions and status in post-conflict Iraq.

Failing Women, Sustaining Poverty: Gender in Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers [ English ]
Author(s): Ann Whitehead. 2003
This report of the UK Gender and Development Network explores how the Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) of four countries - Tanzania, Bolivia, Malawi and Yemen - dealt with gender issues.

Gender Assessment for Morocco [ English ]
Author(s): . 2003
Assessment of the plan of action for the integration of women in development, political participation and the "Moudawana".

Gender Issues in the Challenge of Access to Human Rights [ English ]
Author(s): . 2003
This paper aims to provide an overview of the major gender-related issues that arise in problems of access to those human rights that are written in law and which are in theory protected by local, national and international institutions.

Gender Justice, Development and Rights [ English ]
Author(s): Maxine Molyneux and Shahra Razavi. 2003
Twelve studies were commissioned under the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) research project. The studies focus on the contemporary issues of neo-liberal policies, democracy and multiculturalism. This paper provides an overview of the issues and findings of these studies.

Gender Mainstreaming in Poverty Eradication and the Millennium Development Goals - A Handbook for Policy Makers and Other Stakeholders [ English ]
Author(s): . 2003
This book brings together arguments, findings and lessons from the development literature that are relevant to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) from the standpoint of gender equality.

Gender Thematic Guidance Note [ English ]
Author(s): Neimanis, Astrida and Tortisyn, Arkadi. 2003
This Thematic Guidance Note examines a number of National Human Development Reports (NHDRs) addressing the issue of gender equality within the human development perspective. While similarities in policy environments and the manifestations of gender inequalities exist in many countries, this note nonetheless recognizes the unique intersection of challenges faced by each country or region.

Millennium Development Goals - UNDP National Report: A Look through a Gender Lens [ English ]
Author(s): . 2003
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), are based on the major goals and targets agreed upon at the UN Conferences of the 1990s, which have been synthesised into a global agenda for development. This Report scans selections of the national MDGRs from a gendered perspective.

Nationality between the Logic of Affiliation to the Islamic Ummah and the Logic of Affiliation to the International Community [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Farida Bennani and Zineb Miadi. 2003
This research focuses on citizenship laws in some Arab countries, that mostly do not grant equal status to fathers and mothers in terms of their children's nationality.

Producing NGO Shadow Reports - A Procedural Guide [ English ]
Author(s): . 2003
Procedural and format guidelines designed to assist NGO' s in producing shadow reports for the CEDAW Committee (the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women) to use in evaluating government efforts to meet the obligations of the CEDAW Convention

Transforming the Mainstream - Gender in UNDP [ English ]
Author(s): . 2003
This publication sets out key issues in gender mainstreaming, learning from the efforts of UNDP and its partners in governments and civil society organizations, bilateral and multilateral agencies. It takes as its premise that equality between women and men is central – not external – to the human development paradigm.

Where Do Arab Women Stand in the Development Process? [ English ]
Author(s): . 2003
An ESCWA report detailing the plans and limited gains of achieving gender equality for both men and women in the development processes in the Arab countries.

Winning the Peace Conference Report: Women’s Role in Post-Conflict Iraq [ English ]
Author(s): . 2003
This is the report of "Winning the Peace: Women’s Role in Post-Conflict Iraq” Conference that was hosted by the Conflict Prevention and Middle East Projects of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars and Women Waging Peace and that was held in Washington D.C. on April 21st and 22nd, 2003. The focus was the inclusion of women in four vital sectors of Iraqi administration: democracy and governance, economic activity, constitutional law, legislation, and civil society.

Women in Iraq: Background and Issues for U.S. Policy [ English ]
Author(s): . 2003
The policy outlines U.S. commitment to helping the Iraqi people transition to a sovereign, representative form of government that respects human rights, rejects terrorism and maintains Iraq’s territorial integrity without threatening its neighbors. The policy recognizes that the women of Iraq have a critical role to play in the revival of their country.

Women’s Legal Rights Initiative 2003 [ English ]
Author(s): . 2003
USAID annual report on best practices, lessons learned, success stories from Albania, Guatemala and Southern Africa, submitted February 2nd, 2004.

Agreement on Establishing the Arab Women’s Organization [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2002
Text of the agreement concerning the establishment of the Arab Women’s Organization promulgated by the Arab League.

Fiscal Policy, Accountability and Voice - the Example of Gender Responsive Budget Initiatives [ English ]
Author(s): Isabella Bakker. 2002
This is a background paper of the Human Development Report 2002. The paper analyses participatory budgeting and analysis -whether it is pro-poor, environment-sensitive or gender responsive – and offers innovative means for ensuring government accountability to international and national commitments as well as a more balanced distribution of public resources.

Gender and Development Information Kit [ English ]
Author(s): . 2002
This kit provides basic background information on gender, a glossary of gender terms, a concise description of gender analysis models as well as an annotated bibliography on gender for further reading. It also includes a list of Training and Research Institutes that are capable of administering research and training in this field.

Gender Approaches in Conflict and Post - Conflict Situations [ English ]
Author(s): . 2002
The purpose of this manual is to support and strengthen the capacity of UNDP staff working on recovery and rehabilitation activities in crisis and post-conflict situations to mainstream gender equality objectives. While the traditional perception of women in crisis and post-conflict situations is that of victims of war, the active role women in fact play in such situations is being increasingly recognized.

Gender Budgets Make Cents: Understanding Gender Responsive Budgets [ English ]
Author(s): . 2002
This publication provides a comprehensive understanding of gender responsive budgets.

Islamic Family Law and the Transition to Palestinian Statehood: Constraints and Opportunities for Legal Reform [ English ]
Author(s): . 2002
A draft version of a case study by Fadwa Labadi, Penny Johnson, Rema Hammami and Lynn Welchman provided by the Emory University- Islamic Family Law web site. The study investigates the legislative and lobbying initiatives related to Islamic law during five years of the Palestinian interim authority (1995-2000) in the West Bank and Gaza.

Mauritania - Nationall Report on Sustainable Human Development 2002 [ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): . 2002

More than Victims: The Role of Women in Conflict Prevention [ English ]
Author(s): . 2002
A report of a conference that was sponsored by the Conflict Prevention, Middle East and Environmental Change and Security Projects of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars and Women Waging Peace. The report provides concrete examples of how the international community in general can support women’s efforts and peace building processes

Participation of Sudanese Women in Political life [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2002
A working paper presented by Dr. Amenah Asadek Badri at the regional workshop on "Gender and democratic transformation in the Arab World", March 11-13, 2002. Regional Center for Human Security, Amman, Jordan.

Problem of the Women Taking Charge of Leading Positions (Iraq case study) [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2002
By Dr. Ina'am A. Al-Shehabi and Dr. Mowaffaq H. Mohammad, Arab Organization for Administrative Development – First Meeting. "Marketing in the Arab Region: Reality and Prospects for Development". Sharjah, UAE, 15-16 October, 2002.

Quality of Women's Banking Service in Saudi Arabia [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2002
By Dr. Wafa Nasser Al-Mbaireek, Arab Organization for Administrative Development – First Meeting. "Marketing in the Arab Region: Reality and Prospects for Development". Sharjah, UAE, 15-16 October, 2002.

Women in Parliaments: Beyond Numbers [ English ][ French ]
Author(s): . 2002
The handbook -with updated sections in 2002- focuses on the problems women face in getting into parliament and the mechanisms they have used to overcome these obstacles. The handbook provides also strategies and ideas of how women MP can have an impact on the political process and uses case studies from a wide range of countries, with cases from Egypt, Lebanon and Jordan.

Women's Movement in Egypt, with Selected References to Turkey [ English ]
Author(s): Nadje S. Al-Ali. 2002
Women's movements in the Middle East vary in terms of specific historical trajectories as well as current ideas and practices. Yet, they are similar in that they share several historical and political factors, such as their links to nationalist movements, their links to processes of modernization and development, and tensions between secular and religious tendencies. Specificities and differences can be found in overarching general themes, as becomes obvious in the context of two case studies -Egypt and Turkey- explored in this paper.

Comparative Assessment of Women’s Rights in the Middle East and North Africa [ English ]
Author(s): . 2001
Freedom House comparative assessment of women’s rights in the Middle East and North Africa. The goal of this survey is to facilitate and support national and international efforts to empower women in the Middle East and North Africa region through the comparative evaluation of women’s rights in 17 selected countries and territories. These countries, where women’s rights remain a salient issue, are: Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Palestine (Palestinian Authority and Israeli-Occupied Territories), Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

Domestic Violence and Shari’a: A Comparative Study of Muslim Societies in the Middle East, Africa and Asia [ English ]
Author(s): . 2001
An article by Lisa Hajjar provided by the Emory University- Islamic Family Law web site. The article is a comparative assessment of the rights of women and the domestic violence in Muslim societies in the Middle East, Africa and Asia with a focus on the functions and uses of religious and other legal texts.

Encounter Between Feminism and Reformism in Contemporary Iran [ English ]
Author(s): . 2001
By Parvin Paidar. The United Nations- Research Institute for Social Development- Gender Justice, Development and Rights Project, 2000-2002.

Engendering Development - Through Gender Equality in Rights, Resources, and Voice [ English ]
Author(s): . 2001
A Policy Research Report focusing on gender issues and their broad economic and social implications in developing and transitional countries. The report examines the conceptual and empirical links between gender, public policy, and development outcomes and demonstrates the value of applying a gender perspective to the design of development policies.

Gender Mainstreaming in Practice: A Handbook [ English ]
Author(s): . 2001
Toolkit produced by the United Nations Development Programme providing a comprehensive understanding of gender mainstreaming and methods to be applied in practice. It is intended for policy and development practitioners that are charged with gender mainstreaming responsibilities but that are not specifically experts on the issue.

Multiculturalism, Universalism and the Claims of Democracy [ English ]
Author(s): Anne Phillips. 2001
This paper explores the tensions between universalism and cultural relativism, and the role of democracy in resolving these tensions. It argues that cultural relativism is not a useful ally for feminism. The paper then argues for a "good enough democracy", and concludes with a number of guiding principles that can help identify which practices are most indefensible or most at odds with sexual equality concerns.

Navigating Gender: A Framework and a Tool for Participatory Development [ English ][ French ]
Author(s): By Vainio-Mattila. 2001
The manual includes key concepts and definitions, as well as introductions to alternative gender analysis frameworks. Navigating Gender provides case studies to illustrate the use of these frameworks and can be used both as an individual study guide, or as a basis for discussion in groups.

Report on the Workshop on Approaches and Methodologies of Gender Mainstreaming [ English ]
Author(s): . 2001
This is the report of a one-day workshop on Approaches and Methodologies for Gender Mainstreaming was organized in conjunction with the annual meeting of the Administrative Committee on Coordination (ACC) Inter-Agency Meeting on Women and Gender Equality (IAMWGE) in New York, 27 February - 2 March 2001.

The Gender Dimensions of Poverty in Egypt [ English ]
Author(s): Heba El-laithy. 2001
This study presents a picture of the extent of poverty at all levels of analysis and derives poverty measures for male and female-headed households and for males and females in poor households. It also investigates the characteristics of males and females in poor households in terms of their education, employment, child labor, and other characteristics.

Women’s Rights in Morocco [ English ]
Author(s): Driss Benmhend. 2001
A bill known as the “National Action Plan for Integrating Women in Development” was introduced March 1999 in Morocco and it aimed at asserting some basic rights for women against discrimination and abuse. However, the opponents of the plan see these changes as a diversion from the Islamic moral values.

CEDAW Tunisia Report 2000 [ English ]
Author(s): . 2000
The strategic objective of the Ninth Economic and Social Development Plan’s (1997-2001) was to enhance the integration of women into the development process. The priorities set within the framework of this plan were based on three major parameters: equality in public life, partnership in the family and access to decision-making positions.

Gender Justice, Development and Rights: Substantiating Rights in a Disabling Environment [ English ]
Author(s): . 2000
On Saturday, 3 June 2000, the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) held a one-day public workshop in New York to coincide with the United Nations General Assembly Special Session for the Beijing +5 review. The event was part of a yearlong research project that is assessing how far contemporary debates on and developments in the areas of rights and democracy have strengthened women's struggles for greater gender justice.

Mainstreaming Gender in Urban Development: Activity Description and Synthesis [ English ]
Author(s): . 2000
The report addresses the challenges and achievements of gender mainstreaming in the Middle East.

Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, 2000 [ English ][ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): . 2000
This protocol supplements the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crimes. The Protocol was adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by the General Assembly per Resolution 55/25 in November 15, 2000 and is still not in force.

Security Council Resolution 1325 annotated and explained [ English ]
Author(s): . 2000
This is the text of the Security Council's Resolution 1325 (2000) that specifically addresses the impact of war on women, and women's contributions to conflict resolution and sustainable peace. The text is annotated and explained in detail.

Strategy and Business Plan 2000-2003 [ English ][ French ]
Author(s): . 2000
The document provides a brief review of UNIFEM's experiences in implementing its strategy plan for 1997-1999 and presents the plan for 2000-2003.

Theoretical Perspectives on Gender and Development [ English ]
Author(s): . 2000
This book explores the evolution of gender and development theory, introduces competing theoretical frameworks, and examines new and emerging debates. The focus is on the implications of theory for policy and practice, and the need to theorize gender and development to create a more egalitarian society.

Traffic in Women and Girls, 2000 [ English ][ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): . 2000
The Resolution 55/67 was adopted by the General Assembly on December 4, 2000

UNDP - Human Development in South Asia 2000 [ English ]
Author(s): . 2000
Human Development in South Asia 2000 - The Gender Question. This report tackles the subject of women discrimination in South Asia, by focusing on health, educational and other facilities that lags far behind of men.

Women in Contemporary Democratization [ English ]
Author(s): Shahra Razavi. 2000
This paper looks at the issue of democratization from a gender perspective. Women’s persistent exclusion from formal politics, in particular, raises a number of specific questions about how to reform democratic institutions, since these institutions are not automatically gender-equitable.

CIDA's Policy on Gender Equality [ English ][ French ]
Author(s): . 1999
A gender policy that outlines CIDA's new vision for the 21st Century, in relation to gender equality that contributes substantially to improving the well-being of women, men, girls and boys in throughout the world.

DAC Guidelines on Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment in Development Co- operation [ English ][ French ]
Author(s): . 1999
The OECD original Guiding Principles to Aid Agencies for Supporting the Role of Women in Development were adopted 1983 and revised a number of times. The Guiding Principles served as useful guidance for advancing gender issues in the development co-operation programmes of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) Members.

Empowering Ourselves: The Role of Women's NGOs in the Enforcement of the Women's Convention [ English ]
Author(s): Afra Afsharipour. 1999
This article explores the involvement of women's NGOs in enforcing the Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and demonstrates that they have become major players in the national and international system, and have significant effects in enforcing the treaty obligations of States who have ratified it.

Gender, Governance and the ‘Feminisation of Poverty’ [ English ]
Author(s): Sally Baden. 1999
This paper summarizes thinking on the theoretical and empirical relationships between gender inequality and poverty, including reflection on how these relationships have been articulated in development policy discourse.

Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women, 1999 [ English ][ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): . 1999
This is the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women adopted by the General Assembly resolution A/54/4 on October 1999 and opened for signature on 10 December 1999.

Strengthening the Role of Women Parliamentarians in the Arab Region: Challenges and Options [ English ]
Author(s): . 1999
Paper presented by Azza M. Karam. March, 1999 at the Meeting on Women and Political Participation: 21st Century Challenges, held in New Delhi, India, 24-26 March 1999.

UNDP’s Gender Related Indices - A Critical Review [ English ]
Author(s): Kalpana Bardhan and Stephan Klasen. 1999
This is a brief description the United Nations Development Program made to the Gender-Related Development Index since the 1999 Human Development Report.

Women in Development - Addressing Gender Concerns [ English ]
Author(s): . 1999
Addressing Gender Concerns: the Success of the USAID Gender Plan of Action was submitted to the U.S. Congress in January 1999.

Women’s Political Participation: Meeting on Women and Political Participation - 21st Century Challenges [ English ]
Author(s): . 1999
By Azza M. Karam.

Bringing Equality Home [ English ]
Author(s): . 1998
The UNIFEM booklet "Bringing Equality Home: Implementing the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)" provides examples of how women have used CEDAW to change constitutions and national laws and influence court decisions in their countries are available at this site.

Memorandum: Policy on Gender Balance in Management (Phase II): 1998 - 2001 [ English ]
Author(s): . 1998
This document lays out UNDP's strategy for achieving gender balance in its work force, especially the advancement of women in senior management cadres.

OECD - DAC Source Book on Concepts and Approaches Linked to Gender Equality [ English ][ French ]
Author(s): . 1998
The Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD)'s key concepts and approaches for the understanding of gender equality issues and how to address them.

Women in Parliament: Beyond Numbers [ English ][ French ]
Author(s): . 1998
Written by parliamentarians and researchers, this IDEA publication examines the obstacles women face in getting into parliament, how to overcome such barriers and ways in which they can make a greater impact once they enter parliament. It examines topics such as quotas and electoral systems and includes case studies from Costa Rica, Egypt, India, Jordan, Lebanon, Norway, Russia and South Africa.

Women's Movement and Political Discourse in Morocco [ English ]
Author(s): Rabea Naciri. 1998
This paper, based on research undertaken in Morocco as part of the Technical Co-operation and Women’s Lives project, focuses on the role of the women’s movement in shifting the boundaries of political discourse on women’s issues.

Ministry of Women and Family Affairs' National Plan of Action [ English ]
Author(s): . 1997
The Tunisian strategy for the promotion of women is based on two major intentions: confirming the principle of equality and partnership between the sexes and revitalizing the role of women in all areas of comprehensive development.

Fact Sheet on Women and Decision-Making [ English ]
Author(s): . 1996
Fact Sheet on Women in Government as at January 1996. The UN Division for the Advancement of Women has created a statistical database on women in the executive branch of governments. Data for 187 countries was extracted form information published in the 1996 Edition of the Worldwide Government Directory (Worldwide Government Directories, Inc.).

United Nations - Division for the Advancement of Women - Women Watch - Background Information [ English ]
Author(s): . 1996
The Report of the Expert Workshop "Global Information through Computer Networking Technology in the Follow-up to the Fourth World Conference on Women, which was held in New York, on 26-28 June 1996. The report provides background document for the Women Watch.

Urban Governance: Why Gender Matters? [ English ]
Author(s): . 1996
The author, Jo Beall, argues that urban governance must be gender-sensitive if it is to be equitable, sustainable and effective. A gender-sensitive approach to urban governance has two principal objectives; firstly, to increase women's participation in human settlements development and, secondly, to foster gender-awareness and competence among both women and men in the political arena and planning practice.

Egypt - Human Development Report 1995 [ English ]
Author(s): . 1995
Human Development Report on Participation and Gender. The Report focuses on the concept of human development as a participatory process in Egypt.

From WID to GAD: Conceptual Shifts in the Women and Development Discourse [ English ]
Author(s): . 1995
From WID to GAD: Conceptual Shifts in the Women and Development Discourse, by Shahrashoub Razavi and Carol Miller. Occasional Paper No. 1- United Nations, Fourth World Conference on Women, February 1995. This paper, provides an introduction to "women and development" by tracing the main trends in the way women's issues have been conceptualized - women in development (WID) and gender and development (GAD) - in the development context.

Gender Mainstreaming [ English ]
Author(s): . 1995
A Study of Efforts by the UNDP, the World Bank and ILO to Institutionalize Gender Issues, by Shahra Razavi and Carol Miller. Occasional Paper No. 4, UN Fourth World Conference on Women, August 1995. The paper provides an account of efforts to mainstream gender in three multilateral development agencies (UNDP, World Bank and ILO) in response to the pressures that have been brought upon them by the Women in Development movement. Section One sets out the conceptual underpinnings of feminist attempts to promote women's concerns within development institutions. Section One also looks at the factors which condition organizational response to outside pressures for change. Section Two, Three and four review and analyze the experiences of the UNDP, the World Bank and the ILO respectively in institutionalizing Women in Development /gender. Section Five draws together the main points emerging from the three core sections.

Lebanese National Action Plan [ English ]
Author(s): . 1995
Women Watch is a gateway to the information and resources on the promotion of gender equality. It is a joint United Nations project which was created in March 1997 to provide internet space for global gender equality issues and to support implementation of the Beijing Platform for Action. The Lebanese National Action Plan was provided by the government following the Beijing Conference.

Politics of Integrating Gender to State Development Processes [ English ]
Author(s): . 1995
The Politics of Integrating Gender To State Development Processes: Trends, Opportunities and Constraints in Bangladesh, Chile, Jamaica, Mali, Morocco and Uganda, by Anne Marie Goetz. Occasional Paper No. 2, UN Fourth World Conference On Women, May 1995. This paper provides an assessment of efforts in six countries to improve public accountability to women in the development process

Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing 4-15 September,1995 [ English ][ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): . 1995
Report of the conference held in Beijing in September 1995.

The Politics of Integrating Gender to State Development Processes: Trends, Opportunities and Constraints in Bangladesh, Chile, Jamaica, Mali, Morocco and Uganda [ English ]
Author(s): Anne Marie Goetz. 1995
This paper provides an assessment of efforts in six countries to improve public accountability to women in the development process. It then goes on to provide an overview of some of the more prominent political, economic and social trends of the past two decades, against which efforts have been made to institutionalize gender in state development processes.

UNDP - Human Development Report 1995 [ English ]
Author(s): . 1995
Gender and Human Development. Based on the principle that human development must be gender based, the Report analyses the progress made in reducing gender disparities in the past few decades, highlights the wide and persistent gap between women's expanding capabilities and limited opportunities, introduces two new measures for ranking countries on a global scale by their performance in gender equality, analyses the under- valuation and non-recognition of women's work and offers a five-point strategy for equalizing gender opportunities in the decade ahead.

Plan of Action to Correct Present Imbalances in the Participation of Men and Women in Political Life [ English ][ French ]
Author(s): . 1994
The Inter-Parliamentary Council adopted the Plan during the 154th session of its plenary policy- making body (Paris, 26 March 1994). The Plan of Action is based on the affirmation that "forty years after the adoption of the Convention on the Political Rights of Women and despite undeniable progress, political and parliamentary life remains dominated by men in all countries". The Plan of Action is also inspired by the vision of democracy: "will only assume true and dynamic significance when political policies and national legislation are decided upon jointly by men and women with equitable regard for the interests and aptitudes of both halves of the population." The Action Plan covers: Women's political participation; Legal basis for equality of men and women; Women's participation in politics at the national level; Women's participation in the Inter-Parliamentary Union's activities; and Mechanisms for follow-up and assessment of the implementation of the recommendations contained in the Action Plan.

Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women, 1993 [ English ][ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): . 1993
This is the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women proclaimed by the General Assembly resolution 48/104 of December 1993.

Nationality Code, 1990 [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 1990
Nationality Code of 1990, amended in 2003 by law no.24

Report of the World Conference to Review and Appraise the Achievements of the United Nations Decade for Women: Equality, Development and Peace, Nairobi 15-26 July, 1985 [ English ]
Author(s): . 1985
Report of the conference held in Nairoby in 1985.

Nationality Code, 1963 [ French ]
Author(s): . 1984
This is the text of the Tunisian Nationality Code of 1963, amended in 1984.

Nationality Law, 1983 [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 1983

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women [ English ][ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): . 1979
Text of the CEDAW Convention, which was adopted by the General Assembly in December 1979. It is in essence, the international bill of rights for women. The Convention requires states to eliminate discrimination against women in the enjoyment of all civil, political, economic and cultural rights. It also establishes programmatic measures for states to pursue in achieving equality between women and men

Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women, 1979 [ English ][ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): . 1979
This is the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by the General Assembly resolution 34/180 December 1979.

Nationality Law No. 26, 1975 [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 1975

Declaration on the Protection of Women and Children in Emergencies and Armed Conflicts, 1974. [ English ][ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): . 1974
The Declaration as proclaimed by the General Assembly December 14, 1974.

Nationality Act 1957 [ English ]
Author(s): . 1974
This is the text of the Sudanese Nationality Act of 1957, it was last amended in 1974.

Nationality and Passports Law (17 / 1972) [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 1972

Nationality Law, 1969 [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 1969
Legislative Decree No. 276, 1969.

Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, 1967 [ English ][ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): . 1967
This is the Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women which was proclaimed by the General Assembly Resolution 2263 (XXII) of 7 November 1967.

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966 [ English ][ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): . 1966
This is the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly Resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16 December 1966.

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966 [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 1966
This is the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly Resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16 December 1966.

Recommendation on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages, 1965 [ English ][ French ]
Author(s): . 1965
This is the Recommendation on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages which is the General Assembly resolution 2018 (XX) of 1 November 1965.

Employment Policy Convention, 1964 [ English ][ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): . 1964
The Convention was adopted by the General Conference of the International Labour Organization on July 9, 1964 and entered into force on July 15, 1966.

Nationality Law 1963 and its amendments [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 1963

Nationality Law and Amendment, 1963 [ English ]
Author(s): . 1963

Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages, 1962 [ English ][ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): . 1962
This is the Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages opened for signature and ratification by General Assembly Resolution 1763 (XVII) of 7 November 1962.

Passport Law No. 11, 1962 [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 1962

Nationality Code, 1961 [ French ]
Author(s): . 1961

Convention against Discrimination in Education, 1960 [ English ][ French ]
Author(s): . 1960
The Convention was adopted at the General Conference of the UNESCO meeting in Paris from 14 November to 15 December 1960 as its 11th session.

Nationality Law, 1959 [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 1959

Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 [ English ][ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): . 1958
The Convention was adopted by the General Conference of the International Labour Organization on June 25, 1958 and entered into force on June 15, 1960.

Nationality Law, 1958 [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 1958

Convention on the Nationality of Married Women, 1957 [ English ][ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): . 1957
This is the Convention on the Nationality of married Women opened for signature and ratification by General Assembly resolution 1040 (XI) of 29 January 1957.

Nationality Law, 1954 [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 1954

Convention on the Political Rights of Women, 1952 [ English ][ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): . 1952
The Convention was adopted by the General Assembly in 1952 and entered into force on July 7, 1954.

Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others, 1949 [ English ][ French ]
Author(s): . 1949
The Convention was adopted by the General Assembly in 1949 and entered into force on July 25, 1951.

Analytic Study - The Contribution of Married Bahraini Working Women in Bearing the Economic Burden with their Husbands within the Family Household [ Arabic ]
Author(s): .
This study aims at identifying how much Bahraini women contribute to the burdening expenses inside a family household and what are the reasons behind this contribution, and the extent of their support for the consolidated loans as well as housing laws which incorporate the salary of the spouse to obtain housing services. The report also aims at clarifying the extent of the support of Bahraini working women for the Civil Service Law.

APC Global Women's Networking Database [ English ][ French ]
Author(s): .
A database of women's networking contacts and resources to facilitate women's networking and collaboration. The database is the result of the September 1996 survey the APC Women's Program to identify women's electronic networking needs and opportunities.

Brief on the Status of Women's Rights in Lebanon [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): .
The page provides access to brief reviews of the Lebanese women’s right, government’s policies to diminish discrimination against women, women’s advocacy groups and their reports to the UN CEDAW’s Committee.

CRTDA - Majal newsletter [ Arabic ]
Author(s): .
MAJAL- electronic newsletter monitoring Non-Governmental Organizations in Lebanon. Majal is issued by the information unit of the Collective for Research and Training on Development - ACTION (CRTDA).

Elections: the Gender Dimension [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): .
The electoral process itself, even in well-functioning, ‘mature’ democracies, often creates serious barriers to the participation of women, both as candidates and, to a lesser extent, as voters. Women seldom make significant gains in the electoral process without pressure and support from women’s organizations, advocacy, lobbying, training of women candidates, alliance-building and external financial assistance. Within this arena, there are many areas for possible UNDP support.

Feminism and Islam [ English ]
Author(s): .
Feminism and Islam: Legal and Literary Perspectives, introduction, by Mai Yamani. The book addresses the obstacles facing women in their bid at equality in areas of family law and civil rights.

Gender and Development e-Brief [ English ]
Author(s): .
This electronic newsletter is published by CRTDA - Collective for Research & Training on Development - Action. The newsletter receives material from various regional and international sources for its publication.

Gender Stats [ English ]
Author(s): .
A database of Gender Statistics that is developed by the Gender and Development Group and the Development Data Group. The database can be searched by country for each of the following topics: gender profiles, basic demographic data, population dynamics, labor force structure, education, health, and material mortality. The tables can be downloaded into Excel.

Global List of Women's Organizations [ English ]
Author(s): .
This website provides a wide list of women’s organizations from all over the world, searchable by country.

International Knowledge Network of Women in Politics E-Newsletter [ English ]
Author(s): .

Inter-Parliamentary Union - Women in National Parliaments [ English ]
Author(s): .
Statistics on global and regional averages of percentages of women in national parliaments up to 30 September 2009. The statistics are posted by the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU).

Islamic Family Law [ English ]
Author(s): .
Introduction: Variations on State Identity and Community Rights by Chibli Mallat.

Middle East Women's Studies Review [ English ]
Author(s): .
MEWS is a quarterly publication, which critiques the literature in the field, reviews films, provides a forum for the discussion of current issues.

Rights of Muslim Women in Morocco [ English ][ French ]
Author(s): .
An overview of the laws governing women's rights in Morocco by Fadéla Sebti. Source: guide provides access to the law governing women's human rights in Morocco.

Role of Women in Saudi Arabian Society [ English ]
Author(s): .
Review of the Saudi Arabian women status and achievements

United Nations - Division for the Advancement of Women - Women Watch [ English ]
Author(s): .
Women Watch is a joint UN project to create a core Internet space on global women's issues. It was created to monitor the results of the Fourth World Conference on Women, held in Beijing in 1995. It was founded in March 1997 by the Division for the Advancement of Women (DAW), the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) and the International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women (INSTRAW. Women Watch is a gateway to information and resources on the promotion of gender equality throughout the United Nations system.

United Nations - Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia - Gender Statistics Programmes in the Arab countries [ English ]
Author(s): .
GSP aims to strengthen national capacities in the production, use and dissemination of statistics related to priority gender issues that would influence policies and promote change for the benefit of women.

United Nations - International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women [ English ]
Author(s): .
INSTRAW serves as a vehicle at the international level to promote and undertake research and training programs to contribute to the advancement of women and gender equality worldwide. INSTRAW's current operational methodology is based on information and communication technologies (ICT) for the production, management and dissemination of gender related knowledge and information.

United Nations Development Fund For Women [ English ]
Author(s): .
UNIFEM promotes gender equality and links women's issues and concerns to national, regional and global agendas by fostering collaboration and providing technical expertise on gender mainstreaming and women's empowerment strategies.

United Nations Secretary-General Study on Violence Against Women [ English ]
Author(s): .
The in-depth study builds on work that has been undertaken so far on violence against women, synthesizes and evaluates findings, and identifies best practices and effective strategies, along with gaps and challenges. The study was conducted by the United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women.

Women in Politics Database [ English ][ French ]
Author(s): .
This Inter - Parliamentary Union database contains bibliographic citations of books and articles dealing with the theme of women's participation in decision-making and politics.

Women's and Gender Studies Database [ English ]
Author(s): .
From the Gender Inn, a searchable database of records pertaining to feminist theory, feminist literary criticism and gender studies focusing on English and American literature, from the University of Cologne, English Department, Germany.