Administration of Justice Practices
      - Judiciary
      - Legislature
Public Prosecution
      - Role, Status and Independence of Public Prosecution
      - Automation / Computerization of their Working Systems
Human Rights
      - Accused, Offender, Prisoner
      - Children, Juveniles
      - Women
      - Minorities, Refugees, Non-Citizens
      - Humanitarian Law
      - Prevention of Discrimination
      - Political, Civil, Economic, Social, Cultural Rights
Fighting Crimes
      - Investigation of Crimes
      - Prevention of Crimes
Types of Crimes
      - Fighting Corruption
      - Transparency Standards, Instruments
      - Organized Crime
      - Fighting Money Laundering
      - Financial Transparency
      - Terrorism
      - Cyber Crimes / Computer Crimes
      - Intellectual Property Crimes
      - Crimes against Women
      - Juvenile Delinquency
      - Crimes against the Environment
      - Trafficking in Persons
      - Trafficking in Drugs
      - Trafficking in Arms, Weapons
      - Crimes against Humanity (Genocide, Torture…)
Rule of Law and Governance
      - Democratic Governance
      - Development
      - Peace, Security
      - Protection of Human Rights
      - Role of Public Prosecution and Specialized Institutions
      - Importance of Parliaments
       Local Governance
Reform
      - Legal, Judicial Reform
      - Legislation, Constitutional Reforms
      - Political, Economic, Educational Reform
Gender
      - Issues Related to Gender
      - Women and Parliament
Victims
Witnesses
Civil Society

Local Governance

A Users' Guide to Measuring Local Governance [ English ]
Author(s): . 2009
This guide is intended to respond to an increasing demand from a wide range of national stakeholders for guidance on the multiplicity of tools and methods that are being used to measure, assess and monitor governance at the local level. The guide contains an extensive source guide with more than 20 ready-made tools for assessing local governance.

Users' Guide to Measuring Public Administration Performance [ English ]
Author(s): . 2009
This Guide responds to a growing demand for more operational and nationally-owned measurement tools for public administration. It critically reviews the existing assessment tools and information sources which are readily accessible online. It provides practical guidance drawing on scenarios, and provides an exhaustive inventory of existing assessment tools and methodologies.

Governorates Law [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2008

Iraq Local Governance Program - 2007 Annual Report [ English ]
Author(s): . 2008
This report for 2007 highlights some of the progress that is being achieved and illustrates the emergence of local government in Iraq as a functioning and vital element in the country’s progress and its future. It is also intended to provide a record that celebrates the insights, efforts, and dedicated leadership of each USAID/Baghdad Administration since 2003, and the joint quest to improve the human condition.

European Union - Final Report on the Mauritanian Legislative and Municipal Elections 2006 and Presidential Elections 2007 [ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): . 2007
This is the final report of the European Union Election Observation Mission on the Mauritanian Legislative and Municipal Elections 2006 and Presidential Elections 2007.

Law Number (23) 0f 2007 - Judicial Power law in Iraqi Kurdistan Region [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2007

Law of Municipalities 2007 [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2007

Workshop on Local Government in Post-Conflict Situations: Challenges for Improving Local Decision Making and Service Delivery Capacities [ English ]
Author(s): Kathleen Hamill and Zena Ali-Ahmad. 2007
The July 2006 war in Lebanon provides a case study on how development agencies worked with local government to recover service delivery and to strengthen local planning and decision making processes. It illustrates how international actors responded to a post-conflict situation while building the capacity of local government at the same time. Evidence from Lebanon suggests that supporting local government directly can contribute to the long term sustainability of post-conflict recovery efforts.

Decentralization and Human Development: Findings and Recommendations from a Review of National Human Development Reports [ English ]
Author(s): Tim Scott. 2006
This study addresses decentralization in specific countries and communities from a human development perspective. The study also offers a summary of general findings and recommendations striving to improve the effectiveness of human development-based decentralization processes and policy analysis.

Digital Governance in Municipalities Worldwide (2005) - A Longitudinal Assessment of Municipal Websites throughout the World [ English ]
Author(s): . 2006
The present survey evaluates the practice of digital governance in large municipalities worldwide in 2005. It focuses on the evaluation of current practices in government, and the emphasis of the research was on the evaluation of each website in terms of digital governance.

Democratic Local Governance Activity: Final Report [ English ]
Author(s): . 2005
The present report discusses the Democratic Local Governance Activity, managed by Research Triangle Institute, as contracted by the United States Agency for International Development This project began on November 21, 2002, and concluded on February 28, 2005.

Fiscal Decentralization and Poverty Reduction [ English ]
Author(s): . 2005
This paper provides an introduction to the main principles of fiscal decentralization, to examine linkages between poverty reduction and fiscal decentralization, to briefly describe major comparative experiences, and to clarify United Nations De

Municipal Elections in Saudi Arabia 2005 [ English ]
Author(s): Pascal Menoret. 2005
This report discusses the first municipal elections in Saudi Arabia, and despite the weak prerogatives the municipal councils hold and the non-participation of women, both government and citizens see the municipal elections as a first step in a long process of necessary reforms.

Women in Deserts and Marginalized Rural Areas [ Arabic ]
Author(s): Mohsin Tlili. 2005

Tools to Support Transparency in Local Governance [ English ]
Author(s): . 2004
This toolkit argues that the quality of urban governance means the difference between cities characterized by prosperity and inclusiveness and cities characterized by decline and social exclusion. It provides tools to increase transparency and maintains that increased transparency can help combat urban poverty and enhance civic engagement.

UNDP Practice Note - Decentralized Governance for Development [ English ]
Author(s): . 2004
This note provides guidance to country offices on how to operationalize a holistic approach to the design; implementation and monitoring Decentralized Government for Development (DGD) initiatives in areas where the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) can make a difference. The current Note provides concrete examples from multi-country experiences to reinforce such guidance.

UNDP Practice Note - Public Administration Reform [ English ][ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): . 2004
This note identifies a niche for UNDP in public administration reform which is comprised, in summary, of a focus on open government and decentralization as the twin pillars of UNDP's pro-poor and human rights-based approach to development.

Decentralization and Human Rights: A Systemic Approach [ English ]
Author(s): Leonard Joy. 2003
This paper offers recommendations for decentralization programming in the context of mainstreaming human rights. It examines the meaning, rationale, and significance of a human rights-based approach to development assistance as it applies to programming to support decentralization and local government.

Decentralized Governance for Development in The Arab States [ English ]
Author(s): Elissar Sarrouh. 2003
The UNDP Regional Bureau for Arab States (RBAS), took the initiative to organize a regional forum with the aim of providing a platform for dialogue amongst all stakeholders, in the region, and offering a space for sharing knowledge, lessons learned and good practices, in an effort to contribute to decentralizing governance for human development, as well as develop an agenda for decentralization taking into consideration the challenges, needs and priorities prevailing in the Arab region. This background paper was prepared for this forum and discusses the areas of decentralization, policies, legal frameworks, programs, and lessons learned and good practices.

Digital Governance in Municipalities Worldwide (2003) - A Longitudinal Assessment of Municipal Websites throughout the World [ English ]
Author(s): . 2003
This research evaluates the current practice of digital governance in large municipalities worldwide. It focuses on the evaluation of current practice from the perspective of the government, and it emphasizes on the evaluation of each Web site in terms of digital governance.

Egypt - Human Development Report 2002 - 2003 [ English ]
Author(s): . 2003
Local Participatory Development.

Mauritania: Urban Infrastructure and Pilot Decentralization Project [ English ]
Author(s): . 2003
This information brief reports on the impact of the Urban Infrastructure and Pilot Decentralization Project that was implemented between 1996 and 2001, with World Bank funding of US$24 million. It also lists lessons learned from this experience.

Statement on a Common Understanding of a Human Rights-Based Approach to Development Cooperation [ English ][ French ]
Author(s): . 2003
Agreed at the Stamford Interagency Workshop on a Human Rights Based approach in the context of UN reform 3-5 May, 2003. The statement, endorsed by the UNDG Programme Group, outlines a common understanding of the Human Rights Based approach and its implications for development programming to the policy and practice of the UN bodies.

The Role of Participation and Partnership in Decentralized Governance: A Brief Synthesis of Policy Lessons and Recommendations of Nine Country Case Studies on Service Delivery for the Poor [ English ]
Author(s): Robertson Work. 2003
The paper provides a synthesis of key policy lessons and recommendations of nine case studies of decentralized governance. The UNDP-MIT Global Research Programme on Decentralized Governance - Bureau for Development Policy.

African Decentralization: Local Actors, Powers and Accountability [ English ]
Author(s): Jesse C. Ribot. 2002
This review focuses on local government and local institutions, as they are the key recipients of decentralized powers. It examines design and implementation issues emerging in decentralization and identifies fruitful areas for policy research and analysis in this critical governance domain.

Decentralization and Intergovernmental Finance in the Palestinian Authority [ English ]
Author(s): . 2002
by Sewell, David, June 5, 2002

Decentralization Law, 2002 [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2002
Decree - Law No. 17 for 2002.

How Well is Lebanon Fiscally Decentralized? [ English ]
Author(s): Sami Atallah. 2002
A paper presented by Sami Atallah at the Fourth Mediterranean Development Forum, held in Amman, Jordan, October 6-9, 2002. The purpose of the paper was to assess the fiscal decentralization framework, and its implementation in Lebanon in light of economic principles and international experiences.

Libya - Human Development Report 2002 [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2002
Decentralization This report is limited to an evaluation of the decentralization of the communities system, its importance and prospects for promoting human development.

Morocco - Administrative Decentralization [ French ]
Author(s): . 2002
By the Ministry of Public Function and Administrative Reforms, Miniistere de la Fonction Publique et de la Reforme Administrative, presented at the National Workshop on Administrative Reform "Colloque Nationale sur le Reforme Administrative", Rabat, Morocco, May 7-8, 2002.

Peasant Organization, Participation and the State: Two Case Studies from Rural Sudan [ English ]
Author(s): . 2002
By Khalid A. El Amin in Peasant Organizations and the Democratization Process in Africa, 2002.

Reflection on the best Practices in Governance in the ESCWA Countries [ English ]
Author(s): . 2002
By Fawaz, Mona, April 7-10, 2002. This Paper was presented during the Fourth Mediterranean Development Forum, held in Amman, Jordan, from October 6-9, 2002.

Concept of Fiscal Decentralization and Worldwide Overview [ English ]
Author(s): Robert D. Ebel and Serdar Yilmaz. 2001
By Robert D. Ebel and Serdar Yilmaz.

Decentralization and the Emerging Role of Municipalities in the ESCWA Region [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2001
This study reviews policies adopted and action taken with respect to decentralization in the countries of the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) Region. It addresses the issue at two levels: national or macro level and urban or micro level. The study builds on previous research undertaken on urban governance and urban management in the ESCWA region, where different models of partnership between local authorities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and community groups were explored.

Impact of Decentralization and Privatization on Municipal Services [ English ][ French ]
Author(s): . 2001
Report for discussion at the Joint Meeting on the Impact of Decentralization and Privatization on Municipal Services, Geneva, 15-19 October 2001.

Municipality Law No. 35, 2001 [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2001

The Challenge of Urban Government Policies and Practices Vol.1 [ English ]
Author(s): . 2001
The World Bank Institute (WBI) has launched its program on Urban Challenges of the 21st Century, under which it developed a number of courses on urban and city management that have been conducted worldwide. This book results from the first such course, and corresponds to the course's ten modules, which include topics such as globalization and city management, city strategy and local governance and urban financial management.

Decentralization and Corruption: Evidence Across Countries [ English ]
Author(s): . 2000
by Fisman, Raymond and Gatti, Roberta, February 2000. A General paper, that examine the cross relation between fiscal decentralization and corruption. The paper contains references to some Arab countries.

Decentralization and the Quality of Government [ English ]
Author(s): Daniel Treisman. 2000
The paper, focused on the degree of political decentralization, argues that the way states are structured is a factor between governments that are corrupt and others that are honest, efficient and responsive.

Gender and Decentralization: Promoting Women's Participation in Local Councils [ English ]
Author(s): . 2000
The case study of Uganda, aims to create awareness at the community level on the need to support and enable women to effectively utilize the opportunities to participate in local level decision-making processes.

Global Urban and Local Government Strategy - Cities in Transition [ English ]
Author(s): . 2000
Executive summary and full text of the report and the executive summary of the World Bank March 2000 publication, Cities in Transition: A Strategic View of Urban and Local Government Issues.

Globalization, Structural Adjustment and Transformations in Rural Societies in Arab Mediterranean [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2000
Comparative research with the Northern Rim of the Mediterranean Sea.

Impact of Decentralization, in its Different Types, on Poverty Reduction [ English ]
Author(s): . 2000
Von Braun, Joach and Grote, Center for Development Research (ZEF-Bonn) University of Bonn, Ulrike, Does Decentralization Serve the Poor? November, 2000. The Lecture was given during the IMF conference on Fiscal Decentralization, held on the 20-21 November, 2000. The paper contains references to Egypt.

Law of Local Government, 2000 [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2000
From the National Information Center.

Local Government and Public Service Reform Initiative - Decentralization: Experiments and Reforms [ English ]
Author(s): . 1999
The Local Government and Public Service Reform Initiative was launched in January 1997 by the Board of the Open Society Institute-Budapest. The publication cover case studies on decentralization mostly in the context of countries in Eastern Europe.

Administrative Reforms, 1998 [ English ]
Author(s): . 1998
A summary of the Jordan Case Study "Decentralized Good Governance" that was prepared by Jordan Institute of Public Administration under the UNDP Decentralized Governance Research Programme, 1998.

Decentralization in Egypt: The First steps have been Taken [ English ]
Author(s): . 1998
By Fox, Williams, and Ghanim el Sayed, August, 1998.

Decentralization in Egypt: The First Steps have been Taken [ English ]
Author(s): . 1998
By William F. Fox and el Sayed Ghanim, August 1998. This paper discusses some of the basic characteristics necessary for a devolved system. Then it moves to describe the existing government structure and fiscal system in Egypt .The authors also address the fiscal decentralization that is occurring out side the governmental structures in Egypt.

Decentralized Governance Country Thematic Assessment Framework and Guidelines [ English ]
Author(s): . 1998

Draft Report on Global Workshop on UNDP - MIT Decentralized Governance Research Project [ English ]
Author(s): . 1998
Workshop on UNDP/MIT Decentralized Governance Research Project, Amman, Jordan. June, 14 - 16, 1998. A joint project of the United Nations Development Programme and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

Factors to Consider in Designing Decentralized Governance Policies and Programs to Achieve Sustainable People-Centered Development [ English ]
Author(s): . 1998
Stressing the point that in designing decentralization strategies it is important to ensure adequate processes of accountability, transparency and responsiveness by all societal actors.

Fiscal Decentralization in Lebanon [ English ]
Author(s): . 1998
By Sami Attallah - Efficiency and Participation workshop - Local Governance in the MENA Region, Marrakesh, Morocco, Sept. 3-6, 1998.

Role of Local Governments: the Lebanese Context [ English ]
Author(s): . 1998
By Sati Arnaout.

Decentralized Governance Programme: Strengthening Capacity for People-Centered Development [ English ]
Author(s): . 1997
The document outlines the objectives, strategy, and implementation arrangements for a global advocacy programme for decentralized governance,

New Partnerships Initiative - Local Capacity Building [ English ]
Author(s): . 1997
The New Partnership Initiative Resource Guide chapter on Capacity Building which is based on the principle that an effective capacity building is critical to creating a capable civil society, in the business and local governance sectors and to achieving effective collaborative action among these three sectors.

Participatory Local Governance- LIFE Technical Advisory Paper 1 - Methods and Experience 1992-1997 [ English ]
Author(s): . 1997
The document analyzes the method and experience of the UNDP Local Initiative Facility for Urban Environment (LIFE) from September 1992-May 1997. It reviews the LIFE process as a facilitator of participatory local governance through local dialogue.

Step By Step Guidelines to Implement the LIFE Programme [ English ]
Author(s): . 1997
Local Initiative Facility for Urban Environment promotes local dialogue and collaborations between various groups at all levels to improve urban environmental conditions which eventually lead to appropriate changes in policies and functioning styles.

Innovative Policies and Practices in Local Governance [ English ]
Author(s): . 1996
Report of the United Nations Global Forum on the Innovative Policies and Practices in Local Governance, Gothenburg, Sweden, 23-27 September 1996

Participatory Evaluation in Programmes Involving Governance Decentralization [ English ]
Author(s): . 1996
This paper presents arguments to support programmes and projects involving some form of governance decentralization, and examines alternative approaches to the evaluation of the performance of such programmes.

Report of the United Nations Global Forum on Innovative Policies and Practices in Local Governance [ English ]
Author(s): . 1996
The report of the United Nations Global Forum on Innovative Policies and Practices in Local Governance, Sweden 23-27 September 1996.

Urbanization and Urban Research in the Arab World [ English ][ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): . 1995
An overview of urban research projects in Arab cities by Mostafa Kharoufi, 1995. From UNESCO's Management of Social Transformations- MOST Clearinghouse.

Local Government in the West Bank and Gaza [ English ]
Author(s): . 1991
Discussion of local government at MDF 1 - Knowledge and Skills for Development in the Information Age, Marrakech, Morocco, May 12-17, 1997.

Local Administration Law, 1971 [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 1971
Local Administration Law promulgated by Legislative Ddecree No. 15 dated May 11, 1971 and amended by Law No. 12 dated June 20, 1971 and its amendments

Administrative Reform in Morocco [ French ]
Author(s): .
By the Ministry of Public Function and Administrative Reforms, Miniistere de la Fonction Publique et de la Reforme Administrative.

Best Practices and Local Leadership Programme - Urban Policies and Enabling Legislation [ English ]
Author(s): .
HABITAT's three working papers on urban policies and enabling legislation; guidelines for documenting and reviewing urban policies and enabling legislation.

CIDA's International Urban Cooperation Policies and Programmes Directory [ English ][ French ]
Author(s): .
The directory provides basic information about the key policy directions of donors and special programmes active in the urban milieu. It also gives an overview of what international organizations are doing in specific sectors, such as urban environment, municipal management, and basic services.

Decentralization and Local Governance Enhancement: A Human Rights Checklist [ English ]
Author(s): Leonard Joy.
This paper offers brief recommendations for UNDP decentralisation programming in the context of mainstreaming human rights in accordance with the UN Secretary General's programme of UN reform. It provides checklists of questions for use in examining: processes used in the design and management of decentralisation support programmes for consistency with human rights principles; the sensitivity of a country strategy for decentralisation to country context; and the role of UNDP Country Offices in support of decentralisation.

Decentralization and Local Government - Kingdom of Morocco [ English ][ French ]
Author(s): .
Overview of the policies, constraints and evaluation of the process of decentralization in Morocco from "Online Sourcebook on Decentralization and Local Development."

Decentralized Governance and a Human Rights-based Approach to Development [ English ]
Author(s): Paul Lundberg.
An essay about the relationship between implementation of decentralization reform and human rights. It represents some of the recent thinking on local institutional development for human rights promotion.

Decentralized Governance Monograph- A Global Sampling of Experiences [ English ]
Author(s): .
The book provides experiences and lessons from an array of field examples throughout various regions in the developing world and a host of print and electronic resources devoted to the subject of decentralization.

Global Campaign on Urban Governance [ English ]
Author(s): .
The document outlines the intellectual and operational foundations of the UN-HABITAT Global Campaign on Urban Governance.

Global Urban Observatory [ English ]
Author(s): .
The United Nations Human Settlements Programme - Global Urban Observatory initiative responds to one of the most critical needs of urban policy - the need for better information on urban conditions and trends. GUO is focused on the generation, analysis and dissemination of global, regional and national urban indicators and statistics and in the process has developed a number of key urban indicators databases.

Institution Building Through Sustained Partnership [ English ]
Author(s): .
A process documentation report of Lessons Learned from Involuntary Settlement and Rehabilitation Training. The report treats the critical issues to be considered when developing partnerships. The lessons learned from the experiences of the Involuntary Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R) training program sponsored by the World Bank Institute (WBI) of the World Bank constitute the basis for this report.

Law of Municipalities [ Arabic ]
Author(s): .
From the Ministry of Interior and Municipalities.

Law of Regions [ English ]
Author(s): .
The Law of Regions provides the legal framework of the administrative work of each region in the Kingdom.

Municipal Law [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): .

MUNISOURCE Database [ English ]
Author(s): .
Provides collection of links to municipal government related information mostly from the US and Canada.

Online Sourcebook on Decentralization and Local Government [ English ][ French ]
Author(s): .
The web site was developed through the content contributions of the Swiss Agency for Development Cooperation (SDC), the Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) and the World Bank (WB). The site provides access to readings and country references on decentralization and local government in English and French.

Step By Step Guidelines to Implement the LIFE Programme - Case Studies [ English ]
Author(s): .
LIFE is UNDP's Local Initiative Facility for Urban Environment.

UNDP - Participatory Local Governance [ English ]
Author(s): .
Local Initiative Facility for Urban Environment L.I.F.E. is a global programme intended to develop and learn from methods and tools for good governance for sustainable human development. Technical advisory paper I of LIFE's learned lessons 1992-1997.

UNDP - Urban Management Programme [ English ]
Author(s): .
UMP is a technical co-operation programme that was designed to strengthen the contribution that cities in developing countries can make towards sustainable human development through efforts aimed at poverty reduction, sound environmental management and good governance.

United Nations Human Settlements Programme - Best Practices Database in Improving the Living Environment [ English ]
Author(s): .
A global network of institutions dedicated to the identification and exchange of successful solutions for sustainable development. The database contains proven solutions from around the world to the common social, economic and environmental problems of an urbanizing world. It demonstrates the practical ways in which communities, governments and the private sector are working together to improve governance, eradicate poverty, provide access to shelter, land and basic services, protect the environment and support economic development.

World Bank - Decentralization & Sub National Regional Economics [ English ]
Author(s): .
The website highlights the range of issues the World Bank considers under the theme decentralization notably, political and administrative decentralization, requiring constitutional or statutory reforms, the development of a participatory civil society, and the redistribution of administrative authority from the central government to the local government. The website provides access to the World Bank's documents, projects, key readings and lessons learned.

Yemen Political, Administrative, and Fiscal Reform [ English ]
Author(s): .
A brief review of UNDP's assistance to the government of Yemen in designing national governance programme encompassing the executive, legislative, and judicial branches and managed through the Prime Minister's Office. A key aspect of this support focused on assistance to the decentralization process.