Administration of Justice Practices
      - Judiciary
      - Legislature
Public Prosecution
      - Role, Status and Independence of Public Prosecution
      - Automation / Computerization of their Working Systems
Human Rights
      - Accused, Offender, Prisoner
      - Children, Juveniles
      - Women
      - Minorities, Refugees, Non-Citizens
      - Humanitarian Law
      - Prevention of Discrimination
      - Political, Civil, Economic, Social, Cultural Rights
Fighting Crimes
      - Investigation of Crimes
      - Prevention of Crimes
Types of Crimes
      - Fighting Corruption
      - Transparency Standards, Instruments
      - Organized Crime
      - Fighting Money Laundering
       Financial Transparency
      - Terrorism
      - Cyber Crimes / Computer Crimes
      - Intellectual Property Crimes
      - Crimes against Women
      - Juvenile Delinquency
      - Crimes against the Environment
      - Trafficking in Persons
      - Trafficking in Drugs
      - Trafficking in Arms, Weapons
      - Crimes against Humanity (Genocide, Torture…)
Rule of Law and Governance
      - Democratic Governance
      - Development
      - Peace, Security
      - Protection of Human Rights
      - Role of Public Prosecution and Specialized Institutions
      - Importance of Parliaments
      - Local Governance
Reform
      - Legal, Judicial Reform
      - Legislation, Constitutional Reforms
      - Political, Economic, Educational Reform
Gender
      - Issues Related to Gender
      - Women and Parliament
Victims
Witnesses
Civil Society

Financial Transparency

Al-Shafafiya (Transparency) - Special edition "Corruption in Iraq" [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2009
Issued by the Arab Anti-Corruption Organization.

Global Corruption Report - Corruption and the Private Sector [ English ]
Author(s): . 2009
The private sector plays a pivotal role in fighting corruption worldwide. Transparency International’s Global Corruption Report 2009 documents in unique detail the many corruption risks for businesses, ranging from small entrepreneurs in Sub-Saharan Africa to multinationals from Europe and North America.

Law of Finances, 2009 [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2009

Budget Law for the Year 2008 [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2008

Global Corruption Report 2007 [ English ]
Author(s): . 2007
Corruption is undermining justice in many parts of the world, denying victims and the accused the basic human right to a fair and impartial trial. This is the critical conclusion of TI’s Global Corruption Report 2007.

Guide on Resource Revenue Transparency [ English ]
Author(s): . 2007
This Guide makes available to providers of technical support and civil society a set of authoritative references of good and best practices of resource revenue transparency.

Budget '06: Oil Revenues Flow into Social Infrastructure [ English ]
Author(s): . 2006
This is an assessment of the economic performance of the Saudi Arabia Kingdom during the year 2005 and forecasts based on the government's budget 2006.

Legal Issues, Governance, and the IMF [ English ]
Author(s): . 2006
The web link provides access to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) documents, publications and link resources related to governance and legal issues.

Money and Politics Program: Guide to Applying Lessons Learned [ English ]
Author(s): Jeffrey Carlson Marcin Walecki. 2006
The Money and Politics Program is a guide of lessons learned that will stimulate the reform process, enact greater transparency and accountability, and lead to greater credibility of a country’s overall political process.

Regulations of Credit Bureaus: the American Experience Including the Egyptian Credit Bureau Model [ English ]
Author(s): . 2006
This program provides the participants with recently formed private registries with an opportunity to learn first hand from the experience of practitioners and to exchange ideas about how to establish their own model and develop the regulatory concept and approach that best fits their own culture and set of conditions.

Rules, Regulations and Licensing for Egyptian Credit Bureaus: Final Report [ English ]
Author(s): . 2006
This report contains the rules organizing the operations of credit bureaus, the rules organizing data exchange the Central Bank of Egypt, banks, mortgage finance companies, financial leasing companies and credit bureaus.

Tunisia - Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC) for Monetary and Financial Policy Transparency, Fiscal Transparency, and Banking Supervision Country Membership [ English ]
Author(s): . 2006
This Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes on Data Module for Tunisia was prepared by a staff team of the International Monetary Fund as background documentation for the periodic consultation with the member country. It is based on the information available at the time it was completed on July 27, 2006.

An Anticorruption Reader: Supplemental Sources on Transparency, Accountability, Prevention, Enforcement and Education [ English ]
Author(s): . 2005
Designed as a quick reference source, the Reader collects and summarizes key books and articles on corruption and anticorruption programs. It provides background analysis and information to deepen the understanding of the symptoms, causes, and effects of corruption, as well as successful strategies for attacking it.

Central Bank Law, 2005 (adjustment) [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2005

Corporate Governance and Transparency, Role of Disclosure: How to Prevent New Financial Scandals and Crimes? [ English ]
Author(s): Fiammetta Borgia. 2005
The author argues that transparency is a necessity for all economic communities and that only with transparency will it be possible to deter frauds, embezzlement and financial scandals, and foster efficiency in the allocation of investments across corporations and countries.

Corporate Governance in the Arab Countries: Role of the Banking Systems in Ensuring Transparency and Disclosure [ English ]
Author(s): Dr. Nasser Saidi. 2005
Dr. Saidi stressed three issues in his speech: the importance of corporate governance principles, the special governance problems of the banking and financial sector, and an action plan for promoting Corporate Governance in the MENA countries. The speech was delivered at the Forum on Corporate Governance in Banks and Financial Institutions in Line with International Standards and Practices held in Muscat, Oman in January 2005.

Developing a Framework: Concept and Research Priorities for Partnership Accountability [ English ]
Author(s): Julia Steets. 2005
The paper argues that accountability mechanisms have important drawbacks for partnerships and that accountability requirements differ depending on the political function of a partnership. It concludes that the challenge is not simply to make partnerships more accountable, but to find the right level of accountability.

Dimensions of Transparency in Governance [ English ]
Author(s): Jeremy Pope. 2005
The more informed citizens can be, the more meaningful the role they will play in dialogue with their governments and with each other. This suggests not only that there should be clear definitions as to what is and what is not in the public domain, but also that there should be clear and cogent reasons for any secrecy, justified by the demands of the “public interest” – and not just the interests of those holding power.

Egypt - Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC) for Monetary and Financial Policy Transparency, Fiscal Transparency, and Banking Supervision Country Membership [ English ]
Author(s): . 2005
This Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes on Data Module for the Arab Republic of Egypt was prepared by a staff team of the International Monetary Fund as background documentation for the periodic consultation with the member country. It is based on the information available at the time it was completed on July 11, 2005.

Enhancing Contributions to Combating Money Laundering: Policy Paper [ English ]
Author(s): . 2005
This paper proposes that the IMF and the World Bank strengthen their role in the global fight against financial sector abuse, and money laundering specifically, by (i) publicizing, through official statements and other forms of outreach, both the need to

Global Competitiveness Report 2005-2006 [ English ]
Author(s): . 2005
The Global Competitiveness Report contributes to enhancing the world’s understanding of the key ingredients of economic growth and prosperity. By highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of an economy, policymakers and business leaders are offered an important tool to assist them in the formulation of improved economic policies and institutional reforms.

IMF Executive Board Concludes 2005 Article IV Consultation with the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and Reviews Non-complying Disbursement [ English ]
Author(s): . 2005
This notice states that the initial disbursement that arose in the context of Mauritania's 2003 Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) arrangement, which the authorities voluntarily repaid on November 4, 2004, was found to be non-complying as a result of inaccurate information provided to the Executive Board on the implementation of one of the prior actions required for the approval of the arrangement.

IMF Executive Board Concludes Article IV Consultation with the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya [ English ]
Author(s): . 2005
The pace of economic and structural reforms in Libya picked up with the implementation of measures aimed at enhancing the role of the private sector in the economy. However, these reforms continue to be implemented in an ad hoc and non-transparent manner. This International Monetary Fund (IMF) assessment stressed that proper planning, coordination, and sequencing of policies in the context of a comprehensive reform program will be essential for the success of the reform efforts.

Legal Review: Licensing, Regulations and Central Bank of Egypt - Oversight of Credit Bureau Operations [ English ]
Author(s): . 2005
The main issues of this study are privacy considerations and laws pertaining to exchange of information which can impact on the work of credit bureaus with special attention given to the banking law and the recent amendments approved by the Egyptian Parliament.

Oman - Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC) for Monetary and Financial Policy Transparency, Fiscal Transparency, and Banking Supervision Country Membership [ English ]
Author(s): . 2005
This Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes on Data Module for Oman was prepared by a staff team of the International Monetary Fund as background documentation for the periodic consultation with the member country. It is based on the information available at the time it was completed on December 1, 2005.

Prevention and Fight against Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism [ French ]
Author(s): . 2005
Decree of the Central Bank of Algeria No. 05-05 December 2005. 

Public Policy Advocacy for Jordanian Business Associations: Final Report [ English ]
Author(s): Victoria Ayer. 2005
Jordanian associations are employing a wide variety of advocacy methods and tactics. However, most efforts are ad hoc, reactive, lacking in a long-term strategy, and disconnected from any systematic assessment of associations’ member needs.

The Islamic Republic of Mauritania Country Assistance Evaluation [ English ]
Author(s): . 2005
This country assistance evaluation (CAE) provides an independent assessment of World Bank1 assistance to Mauritania during the period 1992–2003. It examines if the objectives of Bank assistance were relevant, if its assistance program was effectively designed and consistent with its objectives and if its program achieved its objectives.

Transparenting Transparency: Initial Empirics and Policy Applications [ English ]
Author(s): Ana Bellver and Daniel Kaufmann. 2005
This paper presents various definitions of transparency, provides an initial empirical framework towards worldwide indicators on various dimensions of transparency, suggests some initial empirical results, and addresses concrete policy and institutional innovations related to transparency reforms.

World Bank Country Assistance Strategy Vol.1 (2005) [ English ]
Author(s): . 2005
This is the report of the country assistance strategy for the Republic of Egypt for the fiscal years 2006-2009 that is prepared by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the International Finance Corporation. The report states that the growth-enhancing potential of Egypt's private sector is to be harnessed through improving the business climate across a broad range of policies (covering trade, finance, and taxation, among others) while the complementary role of the public sector is to be strengthened through enhancing the provision of public services such as infrastructure, education, and macroeconomic stability, among others.

World Bank Urges Lebanon to Reduce Size of Public Sector [ English ]
Author(s): Osama Habib. 2005
The Daily Star coverage of the World Bank call for Lebanon's to reduce the size of its public sector by offering some of the staff early retirement.

An Investment Guide to Mauritania [ English ]
Author(s): . 2004
This document is published as part of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) – International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) series of investment guides. It offers overviews of potential locations for investment, as well as pointers to sources of further information in the private as well as the public sector.

Corporate Governance and Business Ethics in Lebanon [ English ]
Author(s): Dr. Nasser Saidi. 2004
A speech delivered by Dr. Saidi, the Chair of Lebanon's Corporate Governance Task Force, at the meeting of the Lebanese Managers and Business Leaders Gathering to launch their "Code of Business Ethics" initiative. The initiative is meant to be a voluntary instrument and tool to promote business ethics, professional integrity, transparency in conduct and transactions, and the respect of contracts and commitments."

Corporate Governance in MENA Countries: Improving Transparency and Disclosure [ English ]
Author(s): Nasser Saidi. 2004
This publication is a summary of the proceedings, presentations and discussions made at the second MENA Regional Corporate Governance Forum held in June 2004 in Beirut, Lebanon. The purpose of the regional Forum is to bring together practitioners and explore practical ways to implement corporate governance reform in the Arab World.

Dignity Counts: A Guide to Using Budget Analysis to Advance Human Rights [ English ]
Author(s): . 2004
The purpose of Dignity Counts is to provide guidance to civil society organizations (CSOs) and others on how to use budget analysis as a tool to help assess a government’s compliance with its Economic, Social, and Cultural rights obligations.

Global Competitiveness Report 2004-2005 [ English ]
Author(s): . 2004
The Global Competitiveness Report contributes to enhancing the world’s understanding of the key ingredients of economic growth and prosperity. By highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of an economy, policymakers and business leaders are offered an important tool to assist them in the formulation of improved economic policies and institutional reforms.

International Monetary Fund - Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper [ English ]
Author(s): . 2004
The paper is structured around a long-term vision that builds on the country’s strategic strengths, its geographic location and its port. The paper seeks to develop human resources and to ensure that competitiveness is radically improved to enable the country to be integrated into the world economy.

Banking Law, 2003 [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2003

Battling International Bribery 2003 [ English ]
Author(s): . 2003
The US Department of State's reports to the Congress reviewing implementation and enforcement of the OECD's Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions.

Issues of Economic Reconstruction in Iraq: the Larger View [ English ]
Author(s): M. Abdel-Fadil. 2003
By Abdel Fadil. The author discusses the key issues regarding the economic reconstruction of Iraq and focuses on the recovery and rehabilitation activities, the challenges of reconstruction, Iraq's foreign debt problems and future prospects, the future of the oil sector, sectoral priorities. The paper explores the future economic policies and maps out the role of the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) in the post-war era.

Morocco - Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC) for Monetary and Financial Policy Transparency, Fiscal Transparency, and Banking Supervision Country Membership [ English ]
Author(s): . 2003
This Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes on Data Module for Morocco was prepared by a staff team of the International Monetary Fund as background documentation for the periodic consultation with the member country. It is based on the information available at the time it was completed on March 26, 2003.

Poverty and Economic Growth, 1995-2000 [ English ]
Author(s): Heba El-laithy, Michael Lokshin and Arup Banerji. 2003
This paper offers the first analysis of the evolution of poverty in Egypt in late 1990s, and addresses the methodological problems in relation to economies of scale and regional differences and provides an example of a methodology that can be useful for similar work in other countries.

Social Development and Public Works Project Vol.1 [ English ]
Author(s): . 2003
This report, based on the findings of the supervision activities of the World Bank's operation in Djibouti, proposes credit to the Republic of Djibouti for a supplemental financing to the Social Development and Public Works Project.

The Political Economy of Development Policy in Tunisia [ English ]
Author(s): Mohamed Z. Bechri and Sonia Naccache. 2003
This economic policy analysis focuses on foreign trade, credit and foreign exchange regimes as well as on gender issues and population control that played a crucial role in the improvements of per capita income in Tunisia.

Trade, Investment, and Development in the Middle East and North Africa [ English ]
Author(s): . 2003
Engaging with the World. This is one of four reports produced by the Middle East and North Africa Region of the World Bank on the occasion of the World Bank-International Monetary Fund annual meetings in Dubai in September 2003.

Constructing together a system of "political globalization" [ English ]
Author(s): . 2002
By H,E. Mr. Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President of The People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, in Finance for Development: An OPEC Presence, 2002.

Economic Developments: Impacts of International and Domestic Crises on Egypt Tourism [ English ]
Author(s): . 2002
By the National Bank of Egypt in Economic Bulletin, Vol. 55, No. 1, 2002.

Enhanced International Assistance Would Help Mauritania Reap More Benefits from its Trade Liberalization Efforts [ English ]
Author(s): . 2002
This World Trade Organization (WTO) press release suggests that Mauritania needs international support and a coherent programme of integrated technical assistance for a more effective participation in the multilateral trading system and to reap the benefits of the liberalization efforts undertaken so far, according to a WTO Secretariat Report on the trade policies and practices of Mauritania.

Finance and Competitiveness in Developing Countries [ English ]
Author(s): . 2002
This book examines the link between finance and competitiveness at the macro and sectoral levels in seven different countries: Argentina, Brazil, India, Indonesia, the Philippines, South Africa, and Tunisia, and investigates key international issues, such as the evidence of the impact of exchange rate variability on trade, patterns in bank lending, and trade openness and development.

Fiscal Policy, Accountability and Voice - the Example of Gender Responsive Budget Initiatives [ English ]
Author(s): Isabella Bakker. 2002
This is a background paper of the Human Development Report 2002. The paper analyses participatory budgeting and analysis -whether it is pro-poor, environment-sensitive or gender responsive – and offers innovative means for ensuring government accountability to international and national commitments as well as a more balanced distribution of public resources.

Jordan - Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC) for Monetary and Financial Policy Transparency, Fiscal Transparency, and Banking Supervision Country Membership [ English ]
Author(s): . 2002
This Report on the Observance of standards and Codes on Data Module for Jordan was prepared by a staff team of the International Monetary Fund as background documentation for the periodic consultation with the member country. It is based on the information available at the time it was completed on October 7, 2002.

Labor and Human Capital Policies in Arab Countries: Analysis of the Kuwaiti Experience [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2002
This paper reviews major developments Kuwaiti economy has passed through. The review is meant to identify that economy's deficiencies, especially the imbalance in population composition and in the structure of labor force. These deficiencies, threaten Kuwait's development efforts, especially in the area of human development. The paper also aims at identifying the causes that led to these deficiencies and at proposing proper remedies.

Memorandum of Economic and Financial Policies of the Government of Mauritania for 2002 [ English ]
Author(s): . 2002
This memorandum is a Letter of Intent of the government of Mauritania, which describes the policies that Mauritania intends to implement in the context of its request for financial support from the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

The Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Peace Security and Stability [ English ]
Author(s): . 2002
By H,E. Mr. Badurrahman M. Shalghem, the Secretary of the General People's Committee for Foreign Liaison and International Cooperation in Finance for Development, An OPEC Presence, 2002.

The Impact of the Public Enterprise Reforms on the State Budget in Sudan, 2002 [ English ]
Author(s): . 2002
By El Khider Ali Musa, The African Training and Research Centre in Administration for Development (CAFRAD) - Tangier, Morocco, 2002.

The Public's Right to Knowledge: Access to Official Information and Documents [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2002
This booklet discusses a number of legal, constitutional and political aspects pertaining to freedom of information and the right to be informed. It also discusses some sectors that directly benefit from passing such a law, for example the environmental and media sectors.

What's Behind the Budget? Politics, Rights and Accountability in the Budget Process [ English ]
Author(s): . 2002
The purpose of the paper is to contribute to the evolving understanding of public expenditure management as a political, rather than a purely technical, process. The paper identifies issues, partners, tool and methods that may help development actors to support citizen accountability and a pro-poor, gender-equitable, focus in public expenditure management.

Country Assessment in Accountability and Transparency [ English ][ French ]
Author(s): . 2001
CONTACT is a set of generic guidelines to assist governments in conducting self-assessment of their financial management and anti-corruption systems. CONTACT is a dynamic and continuously evolving instrument that will need constant update through feedback based on best practices and pilot testing. Its generic nature as a diagnostic tool is a contribution to the international donor community's effort to apply uniform assessment methods in evaluating a country's financial management and integrity architecture.

Fiscal Decentralization in Developing Countries: A Review of Current Concepts and Practice [ English ]
Author(s): Paul Smoke. 2001
This paper examines the origins, conceptual foundations and practice of fiscal decentralization in developing countries. It reviews some popular claims made for and against fiscal decentralization, and considers the available empirical evidence.

Fiscal Decentralization in Developing Countries: A Review of Current Concepts and Practice [ English ]
Author(s): Paul Smoke. 2001
This paper examines the origins, conceptual foundations and practice of fiscal decentralization in developing countries. First, it considers why fiscal centralization has been so prominent historically in developing countries, and why this trend has been reversing. Second, it summarizes conventional fiscal decentralization theory and considers its relevance for developing countries. Third, it reviews some popular claims made for and against fiscal decentralization, and considers the available empirical evidence. Fourth, it outlines some key elements of fiscal decentralization as it is being promoted in selected countries, including some of the problems being faced and successes being realized. The paper concludes with some observations on how to think about designing more appropriate and effective fiscal decentralization in developing countries.

Government Finance Statistics Manual 2001 [ English ][ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): . 2001
The Manual is intended to be a reference volume describing the IMF-Government Financial Statistics system. The Manual covers concepts, definitions, classifications, and accounting rules. It provides a comprehensive analytic framework within which the statistics can be summarized and presented in a form appropriate for analysis, planning, and policy determination. The concepts and principles set out in the Manual are harmonized with those of the System of National Accounts 1993.

Institutional Reform and Efficiency of the Budget Process: A Case Study of Morocco [ English ]
Author(s): Cherkaoui Mouna. 2001
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate Morocco's ability to maintain its control of the budget deficits. The author discusses how the budget is designed and applied using a new institutional economics approach. The objective is to estimate the aggregate fiscal discipline and the allocation and technical efficiency of the budget in Morocco.

Integrated Framework Diagnostic Trade Integration Study [ English ]
Author(s): . 2001
This report follows from the initiative taken several years ago by six UN Agencies to assist Least Developed Countries (LDC) in defining their technical assistance needs for trade development. It reflects the findings of a team of international and local consultants that visited Nouakchott in June 2001.

International Monetary Fund Completes in Principle Mauritania Review [ English ]
Author(s): . 2001
On the 26th of January, 2001, the Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) completed in principle the second review of Mauritania's economic performance under the three-year Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) arrangement and approved in principle the disbursement of an amount equivalent to SDR 6.1 million (about US$8 million).

International Monetary Fund: Manual on Fiscal Transparency [ English ][ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): . 2001
The International Monetary Funds Manual assists policy-makers responsible for the design and implementation of fiscal policies be more accountable and establish credible fiscal policies capable of attracting the support of a well-informed public, and leading to a more favorable access to domestic and international capital markets.The Manual on Fiscal Transparency provides systematic means for country authorities to review the transparency of their country’s fiscal management system in relation to the Code of Good Practices on Fiscal Transparency. 

Memorandum of Economic and Financial Policies of the Government of Mauritania for 2001 [ English ]
Author(s): . 2001
This memorandum is a Letter of Intent of the government of Mauritania, which describes the policies that Mauritania intends to implement in the context of its request for financial support from the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

Organization's Social Responsibilities and the Transparency of the Information System [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2001
A study by Dr. Taher Al-Ghalibi and Dr. Saleh Al-Ameri on a sample of Jordanian commercial banks.

Policy Statement on IMF Technical Assistance [ English ]
Author(s): . 2001
The policy statement outlines IMF's technical assistance program, which seeks to develop the productive resources of member countries by enhancing the effectiveness of economic policy and financial management. The document provides an overall view of the IMF technical assistance. It identifies the objectives, scope and nature of the IMF's technical assistance, how priorities are set, the role of recipient governments, monitoring and evaluation, external dissemination of information, the internal management of assistance and the role of external financing.

World Bank Country Assistance Strategy Vol.1 (2001) [ English ]
Author(s): . 2001
This Assistance Strategy focuses on a number of concerns that have emerged as to the sustainability of the economic performance in Egypt. Major among these concerns are: the short-term concern regarding the macroeconomic framework, the fact that the fastest growing sectors have been generally non-tradable, and the stagnation of export merchandise during the 1990s.

Memorandum of Economic and Financial Policies of the Government of Mauritania for 2000 [ English ]
Author(s): . 2000
This memorandum is a Letter of Intent of the government of Mauritania, which describes the policies that Mauritania intends to implement in the context of its request for financial support from the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

Monetary and Financial Statistics - Manual 2000 [ English ][ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): . 2000
This is a redraft of the Monetary and Financial Statistics Manual. It provides a set of tools for identifying, classifying, and recording stocks and flows of financial assets and liabilities and describes standard, analytically oriented frameworks in which the statistics may be presented and identifies a set of analytically useful aggregates within those frameworks.

Money Laundering: Its Impact and Combat Controls [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2000
This abstract considers the problem of money laundering world wide, its economic impact, and means of combating it in some Arab and foreign countries and by international organizations.

Public Sector Restructuring: The Institutional and Social Effects of Fiscal, Managerial and Capacity- Building Reforms [ English ]
Author(s): Yusuf Bangura. 2000
This paper provides an overview of the major issues, trends and problems in public sector reform. It examines four global issues that are driving public sector reforms: financial globalization, fiscal deficits, the adjustment programmes of multilateral agencies, and democratization.

State Audit Law [ English ]
Author(s): . 2000
Promulgated by Royal Decree No. 55/2000 and published in the Omani Official Gazette Volume No.675.

Fighting Corruption in Developing Countries and Emerging Economies [ English ]
Author(s): . 1999
This is the final report of the 1999 conference, a joint project of the OECD's Development Center and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The conference addressed the role of the private sector in the fight against corruption in developing countries and emerging economies.

Questionnaire on Fiscal Transparency [ English ]
Author(s): . 1999
This questionnaire was compiled by the United States Department of Treasury on the topic of fiscal transparency.

Good Governance: the IMF's Role [ English ]
Author(s): . 1997
Guidance Note, July 25, 1997. The page also provides access to the IMF documents on governance and the aspects of good governance that IMF promotes, namely, the transparency of government accounts, the effectiveness of public resource management, and the stability and transparency of the economic and regulatory environment for private sector activity.

Investment Charter, No. 18-95 [ English ][ French ]
Author(s): . 1995
Official Gazette n° 4336 - December 6, 1995.

Oman: Sustainable Growth and Economic Diversification [ English ]
Author(s): . 1994
This is a report prepared by the World Bank at the request of the Government of Oman to examine Oman's longer-term economic prospects, provide an assessment of its economic policies, and suggest needed changes.

External Finance in the Middle East: Trends and Prospects [ English ]
Author(s): Ishac Diwan, John Underwood and Lyn Squire. 1993
This paper examines recent financial flows to and from the Middle East with two objectives in mind: first, to assess the levels and types of recent flows in order to understand their past contribution to investment and growth, and to gain insight for the future; and second, to explore the need for a new approach to external finance and to identify the related actions that should be pursued by domestic policy makers and the international community.

Law No. (31), 1992 regarding the System of Chartered Accountants [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 1992

Central Organization of Accounting - Law No. 144 [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 1988

Public Finance in Egypt: It’s Structure and Trends [ English ]
Author(s): Sadiq Ahmed. 1984
The paper focuses on a number of key issues pertaining to Egypt's public finances. Key among them are: recent budgetary trends, the structure of taxes, composition and trend of public expenditure, the implications of the government budget for income distribution and resource allocation, and the financing of the budget deficit. The paper makes specific recommendations relating to each key aspect discussed.

Arab Banking Laws Database [ Arabic ]
Author(s): .
Arab Banking Laws of the Arab countries, in Arabic only. This is a joint project of the Union of Arab Banks and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Regional Bureau for Arab States - Programme on Governance in the Arab Region (POGAR).

Arab Monetary Fund: Annual Report [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): .
The Report assists member countries in their endeavors to achieve sustainable growth rates and promote economic and monetary integration.

Articles by Georges Corm [ English ][ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): .
Former Finance Minister of Lebanon (1998-2000). Studies and articles devoted to development problems, in particular to the issues of foreign indebtedness, lack of efficient technology transfer and misuse of human resources. Most of the studies focus on the Arab and Mediterranean world and their relation with industrialized countries.

Banking Laws [ Arabic ]
Author(s): .
From the Arab Banking Laws Database - The Union of Arab Banks and the United Nations Development Programme - Programme on Governance in the Arab in Region UNDP-POGAR.

Banking Laws [ Arabic ]
Author(s): .
From the Arab Banking Laws Database - The Union of Arab Banks and the United Nations Development Programme - Programme on Governance in the Arab in Region UNDP-POGAR.

Banking Laws [ Arabic ]
Author(s): .
From the Arab Banking Laws Database - The Union of Arab Banks and the United Nations Development Programme - Programme on Governance in the Arab in Region UNDP-POGAR.

Banking Laws [ Arabic ]
Author(s): .
From the Arab Banking Laws Database - The Union of Arab Banks and the United Nations Development Programme - Programme on Governance in the Arab in Region UNDP-POGAR.

Banking Laws [ Arabic ]
Author(s): .
From the Arab Banking Laws Database - The Union of Arab Banks and the United Nations Development Programme - Programme on Governance in the Arab in Region UNDP-POGAR.

Banking Laws [ Arabic ]
Author(s): .
From the Arab Banking Laws Database - The Union of Arab Banks and the United Nations Development Programme - Programme on Governance in the Arab in Region UNDP-POGAR.

Banking Laws [ Arabic ]
Author(s): .
From the Arab Banking Laws Database - The Union of Arab Banks and the United Nations Development Programme - Programme on Governance in the Arab in Region UNDP-POGAR.

Banking Laws [ Arabic ]
Author(s): .
From the Arab Banking Laws Database - The Union of Arab Banks and the United Nations Development Programme - Programme on Governance in the Arab in Region UNDP-POGAR.

Banking Laws [ Arabic ]
Author(s): .
From the Arab Banking Laws Database - The Union of Arab Banks and the United Nations Development Programme - Programme on Governance in the Arab in Region UNDP-POGAR.

Banking Laws 1920 - present [ Arabic ]
Author(s): .
This document presents a summary of the evolution of the Egyptian Banking Laws since 1920 - present.

Egypt - Special Data Dissemination Standard Subscribing Countries [ English ]
Author(s): .
Special Data Dissemination Standard Subscribing Countries are the countries that subscribe to the IMF's Special Data Dissemination Standard and make a commitment to observe the standard and to provide information about their data and data dissemination practices-metadata-for the Dissemination Standards Bulletin Board (DSBB).

Finance & Development Magazine [ English ]
Author(s): .
Finance and Development is a quarterly periodical that gives information on economic and financial reforms, and strategies of development in developing countries.

Financial Oversight Laws [ Arabic ]
Author(s): .
This document presents a summary of the evolution of the Arab legal texts in relation with the Egyptian Financial Oversight Laws since 1942 - present.

Financial System Soundness - Fact-sheet [ English ]
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IMF fact-sheet stressing the importance of sound banking practices.

Fiscal Transparency - Standards and Codes [ English ]
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The web pages provide access to reports on the observance of the standards and codes (ROSCs), covering a number of economic and financial areas, including data dissemination, fiscal, monetary and financial policy transparency, banking regulation and supervision, securities and insurance regulation, accounting, auditing, bankruptcy and corporate governance.

General Data Dissemination System  [ English ]
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The purpose of the General Data Dissemination System (GDDS) is to encourage member countries to improve data quality and provide a framework for evaluating needs for data improvement and setting priorities in this respect. 

Global Banking Law Database [ English ]
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GBLD is a joint project of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, which consists of a collection of commercial banking, central bank, and deposit insurance laws of jurisdictions that are representative of the regions of the world as well as international financial centers. The laws are available in English in both MS Word and PDF. The data provides access to banking laws of a number of Arab countries, and others.

Higher Commission for Public Markets [ Arabic ][ French ]
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International Monetary Fund - Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes [ English ]
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The Reports summarize the extent to which countries observe certain internationally recognized standards. The Reports summarize countries' observance of these standards, which include, data dissemination, monetary and financial policy transparency; fiscal transparency; banking supervision; securities; insurance; payments systems; corporate governance; accounting; auditing; and insolvency and creditor rights.

Islamic Law and Finance [ English ]
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Introduction: Islamic Law And Financial Transactions In Contemporary Perspective by William Ballantyne.

Jordan - General Data Dissemination System  [ English ]
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This site provides information on economic, financial and socio-demographic data disseminated by countries participating in the GDDS. Current statistical practices of each country are described, together with their plans to improve their statistical systems.

Kuwait - General Data Dissemination System  [ English ]
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This site provides information on economic, financial and socio-demographic data disseminated by countries participating in the GDDS. Current statistical practices of each country are described, together with their plans to improve their statistical systems.

Laws of Capital Market, 1883 - present [ Arabic ]
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This document presents a summary of the evolution of the Egyptian Capital Market Laws since 1883 - present.

Laws of Financial Audit [ Arabic ]
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Laws of Investment and Free Zones, 1952 - present [ Arabic ]
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This document presents a summary of the evolution of the Egyptian Laws of Investment and Free Zones since 1952 - present.

Lebanon - General Data Dissemination System  [ English ]
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This site provides information on economic, financial and socio-demographic data disseminated by countries participating in the GDDS. Current statistical practices of each country are described, together with their plans to improve their statistical systems.

Mauritania - General Data Dissemination System  [ English ]
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This site provides information on economic, financial and socio-demographic data disseminated by countries participating in the GDDS. Current statistical practices of each country are described, together with their plans to improve their statistical systems.

Morocco - Special Data Dissemination Standard Subscribing Countries [ English ]
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Special Data Dissemination Standard Subscribing Countries are the countries that subscribe to the IMF's Special Data Dissemination Standard and make a commitment to observe the standard and to provide information about their data and data dissemination practices-metadata-for the Dissemination Standards Bulletin Board (DSBB).

Observance of Standards and Codes  [ English ]
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The ROSC report on the observance of standards and codes data modules which include an assessment of data quality. 

Oman - General Data Dissemination System  [ English ]
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This site provides information on economic, financial and socio-demographic data disseminated by countries participating in the GDDS. Current statistical practices of each country are described, together with their plans to improve their statistical systems.

Qatar - General Data Dissemination System  [ English ]
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This site provides information on economic, financial and socio-demographic data disseminated by countries participating in the GDDS. Current statistical practices of each country are described, together with their plans to improve their statistical systems.

Regulatory Authority Law [ French ]
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Law No. 18 0 2001

Saudi Arabia - General Data Dissemination System  [ English ]
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This site provides information on economic, financial and socio-demographic data disseminated by countries participating in the GDDS. Current statistical practices of each country are described, together with their plans to improve their statistical systems.

Special Data Dissemination Standard Subscribing Countries [ English ]
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Special Data Dissemination Standard Subscribing Countries are the countries that subscribe to the IMF's Special Data Dissemination Standard and make a commitment to observe the standard and to provide information about their data and data dissemination practices-metadata-for the Dissemination Standards Bulletin Board (DSBB).

State Audit Institution Law [ English ][ Arabic ]
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Text of the Federal Law No 7 for 1976 on the establishment of the State Audit Institution in the U.A.E.

State Budgets 1998-2004 [ French ]
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Sudan - General Data Dissemination System  [ English ]
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This site provides information on economic, financial and socio-demographic data disseminated by countries participating in the GDDS. Current statistical practices of each country are described, together with their plans to improve their statistical systems.

Syria - General Data Dissemination System  [ English ]
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This site provides information on economic, financial and socio-demographic data disseminated by countries participating in the GDDS. Current statistical practices of each country are described, together with their plans to improve their statistical systems.

Trade Policy Review Body (TPRB): Review of Mauritania TPRB's Evaluation [ English ]
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This review covers all aspects of the country’s trade policies, including its domestic laws and regulations, the institutional framework, bilateral, regional and other preferential agreements, the wider economic needs and the external environment.

Transparency International – Survey and Indices [ English ]
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Tunisia - Special Data Dissemination Standard Subscribing Countries [ English ]
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Special Data Dissemination Standard Subscribing Countries are the countries that subscribe to the IMF's Special Data Dissemination Standard and make a commitment to observe the standard and to provide information about their data and data dissemination practices-metadata-for the Dissemination Standards Bulletin Board (DSBB).

United Nations Capital Development Fund [ English ][ French ]
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UNCDF is a partner in the UNDP Development Group. UNCDF works to reduce poverty in Least Developed Countries and focuses on promoting transparent and accountable local governing institutions.

West Bank and Gaza - General Data Dissemination System  [ English ]
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This site provides information on economic, financial and socio-demographic data disseminated by countries participating in the GDDS. Current statistical practices of each country are described, together with their plans to improve their statistical systems.

Yemen - General Data Dissemination System  [ English ]
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This site provides information on economic, financial and socio-demographic data disseminated by countries participating in the GDDS. Current statistical practices of each country are described, together with their plans to improve their statistical systems.