Administration of Justice Practices
      - Judiciary
      - Legislature
Public Prosecution
      - Role, Status and Independence of Public Prosecution
      - Automation / Computerization of their Working Systems
Human Rights
      - Accused, Offender, Prisoner
      - Children, Juveniles
      - Women
      - Minorities, Refugees, Non-Citizens
      - Humanitarian Law
      - Prevention of Discrimination
       Political, Civil, Economic, Social, Cultural Rights
Fighting Crimes
      - Investigation of Crimes
      - Prevention of Crimes
Types of Crimes
      - Fighting Corruption
      - Transparency Standards, Instruments
      - Organized Crime
      - Fighting Money Laundering
      - Financial Transparency
      - Terrorism
      - Cyber Crimes / Computer Crimes
      - Intellectual Property Crimes
      - Crimes against Women
      - Juvenile Delinquency
      - Crimes against the Environment
      - Trafficking in Persons
      - Trafficking in Drugs
      - Trafficking in Arms, Weapons
      - Crimes against Humanity (Genocide, Torture…)
Rule of Law and Governance
      - Democratic Governance
      - Development
      - Peace, Security
      - Protection of Human Rights
      - Role of Public Prosecution and Specialized Institutions
      - Importance of Parliaments
      - Local Governance
Reform
      - Legal, Judicial Reform
      - Legislation, Constitutional Reforms
      - Political, Economic, Educational Reform
Gender
      - Issues Related to Gender
      - Women and Parliament
Victims
Witnesses
Civil Society

Political, Civil, Economic, Social, Cultural Rights

Analysing State Policies in 2009: Journalism, the Internet and Innovation [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2010
This is an analysis of state policies in Egypt towards freedom of opinion and expression in terms of the press, internet and innovation. The report monitors government policies in dealing with these areas in 2009. It also examines the legislative structure of the press, internet and innovation in Egypt. The report was published jointly with the Association of Freedom of Thought and Expression, and in cooperation with Rami Ra'ouf who is in charge of electronic media at the Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights.

Torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment - the role and responsibility of judges, prosecutors and lawyers [ English ][ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): . 2010
Resolution of the Human Rights Council 13/19 adopted at Thirteenth session - Agenda item 3 -Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to development.

A Human Rights Agenda for the Elections [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): Amnesty International. 2009
In this report, Amnesty International highlights five key areas where it believes human rights improvements are required and specific recommendations for how to address the concerns, amounting to a clear agenda for human rights reform.

Bastion of Impunity, Mirage of Reform [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2009
This report, published by the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies, documents the most significant developments in the Arab region from September 2008 to October 2009 and the assesses breakthroughs and failures in the observance of human rights. The report gives close attention to developments related to the following issues: freedom of expression in various media, the right to organize in political parties, civic associations, and trade unions, the way in which the state deals with political protest, social ferment, and labor and professional freedoms, which includes the authorities’ response to demonstrations, protests, sit-ins, and strikes, the nature of pressures, threats, and assaults targeting human rights defenders and reform advocates, the nature of pressures on religious freedom, the status of minority rights, various forms of discrimination—religious, sectarian, and ethnic—and assaults on defenders of minority rights, the application of exceptional counterterrorism legislation and its impact on personal freedom and security and due process, as well as the use of such measures to crack down on peaceful political or oppositional activities and restrict freedom of expression, the extent to which legislation, policies, and practices foster a culture of impunity for grave human rights violations, which entails a close look at the torture and ill treatment of prisoners, extrajudicial killings, and various forms of collective punishment the right to participate in public affairs, fair and equal opportunity in general elections, and the political ramifications of election results.

Iraq Mental Health Survey - 2006/7 [ English ]
Author(s): . 2009
the report was published by the Iraqi Ministries of Health, Planning and Development Cooperation, Health (Kurdistan region), and the Kurdistan Regional Statistics Office in Iraq in collaboration with the World Health Organization and the World Mental Health Survey. Its key findings include the following: 1) women are more psychologically affected than men over the lifetime, 2) the category above 50 years is more affected than the rest of the population, 3) respondents in urban settings are more affected than those in rural settings, 4) there are specific regional (Kurdistan region vs. South/Centre) differences in the expression of mental health pathology, 5) in spite of that nearly half the sample had been exposed to at least one major trauma, 6) more than one third of the population showed significant symptoms of psychiatric disturbances within one month prior to the survey.

Lebanon’s 2009 Parliamentary Elections - A Human Rights Agenda [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): Human Rights Watch. 2009
This report outlines some of Human Rights Watch's main areas of concerns. It makes concrete recommendations that build on existing efforts and are feasible in a short time frame.

Steadfast in Protest [ English ][ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): . 2009
Annual report of the Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders by the World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT) and the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH).

Annual Report on Freedom of the Media in the Arab Countries, 2008 [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2008

Frequently Asked Questions on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights [ English ][ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): . 2008
The Fact Sheet #33 - Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights.

The last holdouts: ending the juvenile death penalty in Iran, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Pakistan, and Yemen [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2008
In this 20-page report, Human Rights Watch documents failures in law and practice that since January 2005 have resulted in 32 executions of juvenile offenders in five countries: Iran (26), Saudi Arabia (2), Sudan (2), Pakistan (1), and Yemen (1). The report also highlights cases of individuals recently executed or facing execution in the five countries, where well over 100 juvenile offenders are currently on death row, awaiting the outcome of a judicial appeal, or in some murder cases, the outcome of negotiations for pardons in exchange for financial compensation.

Annual Report on the Freedom of Expression in the Arab Countries, 2007 [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2007

Elections and Human Rights - Report on the Syrian Legislative Elections 2007 [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2007
This is the report of the Damascus Center for Theoretical and Civil Rights Studies on the Syrian Legislative Elections held on 22 April 2007.

Report on the Freedom of Expression [ French ]
Author(s): . 2007
Since August 2005, a legal and institutional framework designed to promote freedom of expression was created but there are numerous challenges to be addressed in Mauritania. This article outlines the efforts deployed to support the process of freedom underway in Mauritania.

The Moroccan Façade [ English ][ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): Joel Campagna and Kamel Labidi. 2007
This is a special report of the committee to Protect Journalists. It exposes the politicized court cases, media laws, and the harassment that is undermining a nation’s press gains.

Annual Report on the Freedom of Expression in the Arab Countries, 2006 [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2006

Deception and Lies: Freedom of Expression in Tunisia Remains under Siege Six Months after the World Summit on the Information Society [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2006
This report is based on a fact-finding mission to Tunisia undertaken from 18 to 22 April 2006 by members of the International Freedom of Expression Exchange (IFEX) Tunisia Monitoring Group (IFEX-TMG) to follow up on progress made on the status of freedom of expression in Tunisia after the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) was held in Tunisia in November 2005.

Equity and Reconciliation Committee and the Transition Process in Morocco [ English ]
Author(s): Mohammad Ahmad Bennis. 2006
This report reflects the Moroccan State’s willingness to reconsider its attitude towards human rights issues in their political and legal dimensions.

Report on Elections in the Arab World 2006 - A Human Rights Evaluation [ English ]
Author(s): . 2006
This report analyses the parliamentary elections that have taken place in 2006 in six Arab countries: Bahrain, Kuwait, Mauritania, Palestine, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. It also investigates the relationship between elections, democracy and human rights.

Annual Report on the Freedom of Expression in the Arab Countries, 2005 [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2005
This report issued by the Amman Center for Human Rights Studies, shows that the vast majority of Arab countries is still firmly in control of all the press and media, impeding their independence, and imposing severe restrictions on their freedom, in a way that prevents them from assuming their responsibilities in the terms of holding the government accountable and in the fight against corruption.

Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights – Handbook for National Human Rights Institutions [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2005
This Manual casts light on the nature of economic, social and cultural rights, the nature of national human rights institutions, and the role of international human rights institutions in protecting and promoting these rights.

Egypt: Margin of Repression, State Limits on Nongovernmental Organization Activism [ English ]
Author(s): . 2005
This report discusses the impact of the law governing associations, Law 84/2002, which came into effect in June 2003. The report concludes that the most serious barrier to meaningful freedom of association in Egypt is the extra-legal role of the security services.

Egypt: Margins of Repression - State Limits on Non-Governmental Organization Activism [ English ]
Author(s): . 2005
There are many concrete steps the government can take to remedy the unjustified restrictions on NGOs and uphold the rights to freedom of association and expression in Egypt. Egyptian civil society groups have the potential to make a significant and enduring contribution to the national development and well-being. It is in every Egyptian’s interest that they be helped, not hindered, to do so.

Egypt: Reading between the "Red Lines" - The Repression of Academic Freedom in Egyptian Universities [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2005
This report presents the findings of a three-week research mission to Egypt from February 12 to March 5, 2003, supplemented by telephone interviews and archival research from 2003 to 2005.3 Human Rights Watch interviewed twenty-seven professors and sixteen students from Cairo and Alexandria and had access to published accounts summarizing the experiences of many others.

False Freedom: Online Censorship in the Middle East and North Africa [ English ]
Author(s): . 2005
This report examines Internet trends and policies in the Middle East and North Africa region as they affect freedom of expression, focusing particularly on Egypt, Iran, Syria, and Tunisia. Human Rights Watch selected these four countries for closer scrutiny as much for their differences as for their similarities, and their inclusion should not suggest that their policies are worse than those of other countries in the region.

Freedom of Expression in Tunisia: the Siege Intensifies [ English ][ French ]
Author(s): . 2005
This is the second report of the Tunisian Monitoring Group (TMG) and follows the latest of a series of fact-finding missions to Tunisia by members of the group in the run to the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS).

Lebanon: A Human Rights Agenda for the Parliamentary Elections [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2005
This document highlights several key human rights areas such as: the need for reform of the justice sector, ending discrimination against women, ending impunity for past violations, and promoting and protecting human rights activities and freedom of association. It is aimed at Parliamentary candidates in hopes that they will take up the concerns raised in order to help in their strengthening of a system of human rights laws and practices in which justice and truth prevail.

Morocco's Truth Commission: Honoring Past Victims During an Uncertain Present [ English ][ French ]
Author(s): . 2005
On January 7, 2004, King Mohammed VI created Morocco’s Equity and Reconciliation Commission (ERC), which he publicly considered to be a truth commission. But as in other countries that have created truth commissions for similar purposes, the ERC is only one phase in a longer process, a phase whose ultimate contribution to reconciling with the past and building a more democratic future depends on the extent to which the state acts on the letter and the spirit of the ERC’s recommendations.

Sudan: Prospects for Peace [ English ]
Author(s): . 2005
This report studies the possibility for Peace in Sudan.

Tunisia: Crushing the Person, Crushing a Movement - the Solitary Confinement of Political Prisoners [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2005
Interviews with three recently released prisoners provide new details of the cruel and inhumane policy of isolation practiced by Tunisian authorities. These interviews, with men who had served up to eleven years in solitary confinement almost without interruption, confirm earlier findings that the placement in prolonged isolation of some forty political prisoners is a clear violation of both Tunisia’s domestic laws and international standards governing the treatment of prisoners.

Arab Charter on Human Rights, 2004 [draft] [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2004
Text adopted by the Arab Standing Committee for Human Rights. January 5-14, 2004

Human Rights Defenders: Protecting the Right to Defend Human Rights [ English ][ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): . 2004
The Fact Sheet # 29 - Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights.

The Darfur Tragedy [ English ]
Author(s): . 2004

Tunisia: Long-Term Solitary Confinement of Political Prisoners [ English ][ French ]
Author(s): . 2004
This report is based on a research mission that human Right Watch conducted in April, 2003 and on phone interviews conducted in March and April 2004 with the relatives of ten prisoners who are currently being held in isolation. It aims to portray how the arbitrariness and open-ended nature of the isolation policy compounds the cruelty inflicted on inmates cut off from virtually all human contact.

A Time for Reckoning: Enforced Disappearances and Abductions in Algeria [ English ]
Author(s): . 2003
This report is a follow-up to Human Rights Watch’s first report on state-sponsored “disappearances,” researched during our 1997 mission to Algeria and published in February 1998. The focus of the present report is to evaluate everything that Algerian authorities have said and done to address the thousands of outstanding cases of “disappearances” in the past five years. It also covers the parallel issue of persons who are missing after having been abducted by armed groups fighting the government.

Civil and Political Rights, including questions of freedom of expression [ English ]
Author(s): . 2003
This report provides a summary of civil and political rights cases transmitted to various Governments around the world, including the governments of some Arab countries, and the replies that were received in response.

Economic and Social Rights in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean [ English ]
Author(s): . 2003
This report recounts discussions and oral contributions made by participants during the regional seminar titles “Economic and Social Rights in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean” organized by the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) in partnership with the Jordan Society for Human Rights Mizan, Sisterhood is Global Institute and the Al-Urdun Al Jadid Research Center, which took place in Amman, from 17 to 20 October 2003.

Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in the Arab region [ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2003
The book discusses the Arab Roundtable on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights that was held in Casablanca on July 16-17, 2003.

Mauritania: Waves of Arrests of Political Opponents and Imamas [ English ][ French ]
Author(s): . 2003
This report expresses the concern of Amnesty International with the repression of political and religious figures, after the wave of arrests of members of the Parti de la renaissance Nationale (PRN) National Renaissance Party, and of imams that has been taking place in Mauritania since 30 April 2003.

The Rule of Law Sidelined in the Name of Security [ English ]
Author(s): . 2003
In this report Amnesty International calls on the Yemeni and US Governments to ensure that their security cooperation is not purchased at the expense of human rights and urge them to take immediate steps to restore the rule of law and the human rights of the detainees held both in Yemen and in Guantanamo Bay. And urges the international community to bring pressure on the Governments of Yemen and the US to address the human rights violations documented in this report.

Democracy and Human Rights in Syria [ English ]
Author(s): . 2002
This report, a collective work of 18 Syrian researchers, reviews the mechanisms the State is possessing and uses to reinforce its authority and describes the social foundation of the political and totalitarian system of Syria.

International Humanitarian Law: Answers to Your Questions [ English ]
Author(s): . 2002
This publication aims to define, explain and clarify the term “International Humanitarian Law”. It seeks to explain how this law deals with conflict, provides aid to victims of conflict, and protects refugees and internally displaced persons.

Journalism, Media and the Challenge of Human Rights Reporting [ English ]
Author(s): . 2002
This report aims to discuss the difficulties of reporting human rights issues and establish what lessons can be drawn from different experiences so as to make sound recommendations to the journalistic profession, policymakers, and human rights advocates.

Mauritania: a Future Free from Slavery [ English ][ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): . 2002
This article came in response to Amnesty International’s 2002 report titled: Mauritania, a Future Free from Slavery. It provides a background to the issue of slavery in the country and reports that human rights abuses related to slavery continue to exist.

The State of Egypt VS. Free Expression: The Ibn Khaldun Trial [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 2002
Human Rights Watch closely monitored the trial of Saadeddin Ibrahim, one of Egypt's leading voices for political reform and democratic rights. Egyptian officials have repeatedly insisted that the trial was fair and impartial, in accord with the Egyptian constitution and with international fair trial standards. The record, however, indicates that the court compromised many basic due process rights as a result of rulings and decisions that undermined the ability of the defendants and their lawyers to mount an effective defense.

Civil and Political Rights, Including the Question of Torture and Detention, Report of the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention [ English ]
Author(s): . 2001
The Working Group on Arbitrary Detention was established by the Commission on Human Rights in its resolution 1991/42 and entrusted with the investigation of instances of alleged arbitrary deprivation of liberty. The present report covers the group’s activities and missions for the period from January to December 2001 and provides conclusions and recommendations.

Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative: A Human Rights Assessment of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers [ English ][ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): . 2001
This report indicates that governments are expected to show clearly the links between macroeconomic policies and agreed international social development goals to be reached by 2015.

Report of International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty - Responsibility to Protect [ English ][ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): . 2001
The Commission is an independent international body designed to help bridge the two concepts; Intervention and State Sovereignty. Its one year mandate was to build a broader understanding of reconciling the international community's responsibility to act in the face of massive violations of humanitarian norms while respecting the sovereign rights of states, which poses as a unique challenge. And to foster a global political consensus on how to move towards action within the UN system.

Bahrain: the Annual Report on Human Rights [ English ]
Author(s): . 2000
This report reviews the constitutional, legislative and political frame work of Bahrain, describes human integrity and dignity and denounces the abuse of civil and political rights.

Freedom of Association and Human Rights Organization in Egypt [ English ][ French ]
Author(s): . 1999
This report summarizes the main results of the two latest missions to Cairo undertaken by the Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Network (EMHRN) and the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) regarding the Draft Law on Private Association and Institutions.

Civil Marriage in Lebanon…. A Right and a Necessity [ Arabic ][ French ]
Author(s): Violette Daguerre. 1998
Heated debate over civil marriage prevails in Lebanon today, especially as the "Optional Personal Status Draft Law" was approved by a majority at the council of ministers that allows adoption of the draft law according to the National Harmony Accord signed in Ta'if in November 1989.

Israel's Record of Occupation: Violations of Civil and Political Rights [ English ]
Author(s): . 1998
This report discusses and analyzes Israel’s 1999 report to the United Nations Human Rights Committee. It argues that Israel’s report failed to give sufficient information on the implementation of the covenant in practice, left out any discussion of Israel’s implementation of the covenant in the territories it controlled in the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, the Golan Heights, and South Lebanon, and misrepresented Israeli practice on important issues including torture and administrative detention.

Neither among the Living nor the Dead: State-Sponsored "Disappearances" in Algeria [ English ]
Author(s): . 1998
Among the many human rights tragedies in Algeria has been the "disappearance" of more than one thousand men and women since 1992, following their arrest by government forces. While Algerian officials have admitted that persons have "gone missing" in state custody, Human Rights Watch is aware of no high-level acknowledgment that the practice of forcible disappearance is rampant and ongoing, nor of any efforts by the Algerian authorities to bring to justice those responsible.

Serious Attack on Freedoms of Expression and Association [ English ][ French ]
Author(s): . 1998
This report documents the cases of five human rights defenders arrested, and later convicted in Mauritania on the 12th of February, 1998.

Routine Abuse, Routine Denial: Civil Rights and Political Crisis in Bahrain [ English ]
Author(s): . 1997
Human rights abuses in Bahrain are wide-ranging and fall into two basic categories. The first relates to law enforcement and administration of justice issues. The second relates to the broad denial of fundamental political rights and civil liberties, including freedom of expression, freedom of association and assembly, and the right to participate in the conduct of public affairs. The resulting unrest has increasingly taken on the coloration of a sectarian conflict between the majority Shi`a population and the Sunni ruling family and military-political establishment.

Syria: The Price of Dissent [ English ]
Author(s): . 1995
This report focuses on the state security court and the continuing trials of individuals accused of membership in unauthorized political groups. It also examines the practice of torture in Syria, and the continuing pressure on political prisoners after release.

Arab Charter on Human Rights, 1994 [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): . 1994
This is an old version of the Charter as was adopted by the Arab League in 1994.

Bayefsky Portal for the United Nations Human Rights Treaties [ English ]
Author(s): .
Bayefsky.com was designed for the purpose of enhancing the implementation of the human rights legal standards of the United Nations. It encompasses a range of data concerning the application of the UN human rights treaty system by its monitoring treaty bodies since their inauguration in the 1970's.

Human Rights Clause in the Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement between the EU and Arab States [ English ]
Author(s): .

Human Rights Data Bank [ English ]
Author(s): .
The Human Rights Databank contains a comprehensive listing of human rights materials derived from independent, grassroots NGOs around the globe. It provides researchers with thousands of records on funding sources, publications, jobs, events and organizations related to human rights.

International Freedom of Expression Exchange "IFEX" - Egypt [ English ]
Author(s): .
The International Freedom of Expression Exchange works to promote and emphasize the importance of Freedom of Expression. This page on Egypt offers press releases, articles, reports and related sites discussing recent issues related to freedom of expression in Egypt.

International Freedom of Expression Exchange "IFEX" - Somalia [ English ]
Author(s): .
The International Freedom of Expression Exchange works to promote and emphasize the importance of Freedom of Expression. This page on Somalia offers press releases, articles, reports and related sites discussing recent issues related to freedom of expression in Somalia.

International Freedom of Expression Exchange "IFEX" - Tunisia [ English ]
Author(s): .
The International Freedom of Expression Exchange works to promote and emphasize the importance of Freedom of Expression. This page on Tunisia offers press releases, articles, reports and related sites discussing recent issues related to freedom of expression in Tunisia.

Reporters without Borders - Press Freedom Annual Report [ English ][ Arabic ]
Author(s): .
The annual report without Borders gives an worldwide overview of the state of press freedom or lack of it and reports on the difficult work environment of journalists around the world and the hardship and repressive treatment they face.

The Judiciary and Law Enforcement [ English ]
Author(s): .
This is report on the proper functioning of the judiciary and of law enforcement services which is essential not only for an effective criminal justice policy but also for the protection of the fundamental human rights of individuals.

United Nations International Labour Organization - ILOLEX Database [ English ][ French ]
Author(s): .
A database containing ILO Conventions and Recommendations, ratification information, comments of the Committee of Experts and the Committee on Freedom of Association, representations, complaints, interpretations, General Surveys, and related documents. ILOLEX records are in either English, French, or Spanish.

United Nations International Labour Organization – NATLEX Database [ English ][ French ]
Author(s): .
A Bibliographic database of national laws on labor, social security and related human rights searchable by country.